Evidence mapPaperPMID 41836721Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2026

From Barrier to Gateway: Nanomaterials Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment for Therapy.

Mina Xie, Wanyu Sun, Dongping Hu, Lu Liu, Caiwen Han, Wenhan Liu, Lede Liu, Xiaojiang Bao, Weisheng Zhang, Xiangyong Hao and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mina XieFirst Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Wanyu SunFirst Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Dongping HuDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Lu LiuDepartment of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Caiwen HanDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Wenhan LiuDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Lede LiuDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Xiaojiang BaoDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Weisheng ZhangDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Xiangyong HaoDepartment of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.
Yongqiang ZhouDepartment of Anorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment constitutes the external condition that supports the survival and development of tumor cells. It promotes tumor cell proliferation and survival by secreting various cytokines and the provision of nutritional support, thereby driving tumor advancement. However, its structural density and complex composition pose significant barriers to drug delivery and therapeutic intervention, necessitating the development of advanced techniques for effective penetration. In recent years, nanotechnology, characterized by its distinctive physicochemical properties and excellent targeting and regulatory capabilities, has shown tremendous potential in overcoming the tumor microenvironment barriers, garnering significant research interest. This paper systematically summarizes the formation mechanisms of various TME subtypes, including immunosuppressive, metabolic, acidic, hypoxic, stromal, mechanical, microbial, inflammatory, and neural TME. It analyzes the principal challenges faced by nanomaterials in regulating these microenvironments, focuses on research strategies and application prospects of nanomaterials across different subtype microenvironments, and proposes novel directions for future investigation. The objective is to facilitate breakthroughs in the translational application of nanomaterials from mechanistic innovation to clinical practice.

Indexed as

NanostructuresNeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsHumansNanomedicineNanotechnologyhypoxiaimmune suppressionmechanicsmetabolismnanomaterialsstromatumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41836721
PMCPMC12988667

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.