ReviewFrontiers in medicine2026
Granulomatous mastitis: from localized inflammation to systemic immune-mediated disorder.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology, characterized by a high recurrence rate and challenging clinical management. This review reconceptualizes GM as an immune-mediated disorder and delineates the aberrant crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity that constitutes its core pathogenesis. We emphasize that hyperprolactinemia acts as a pivotal driver, initiating a pro-inflammatory cascade characterized by macrophage M1 polarization, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, NK cell activation, and severe disruption of T and B cell homeostasis. Currently, glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely used in the treatment of Granulomatous mastitis, but their efficacy is limited and they cannot fulfill all the needs of clinical treatment. Therefore, it has become imperative to adopt immunomodulatory strategies for treatment. By synthesizing the evolving understanding of GM's immunopathology, this review aims to bridge the gap between mechanistic insights and clinical practice. We critically assess current and emerging therapeutics, including the potential role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and propose a framework for future targeted therapeutic strategies that modulate specific immune pathways in GM.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.