Evidence mapPaperPMID 41837119Full record

Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Plasma ceramide Cer24:0 and insulin resistance: associations with TyG and TG/HDL-C in a multicenter study of coronary artery disease cohorts.

Shuanli Xin, Rui Wang, Xuejiao Chen, Chao Chang, Xiufeng Zhao, Yong Zeng, Liang Zhang, Mengdan Miao, Guidong Wang, Xiaopeng Li and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Shuanli Xin *Department of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Rui Wang *Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
Xuejiao Chen *Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, China.
Chao ChangDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Xiufeng ZhaoDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Yong ZengDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China.
Liang ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China.
Mengdan MiaoDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Guidong WangDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Xiaopeng LiDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Junwei WangDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Xin ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.
Zhijiang XieDepartment of Cardiology, Handan First Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a key metabolic determinant of cardiovascular risk. Ceramides, a class of bioactive lipids, have been linked to IR; however, their clinical associations in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) are incompletely characterized. Methods: In a prospective, multicenter observational cohort of adults with established CAD (n=987), we quantified plasma ceramide species (Cer16:0, Cer18:0, Cer24:0, Cer24:1) and surrogate IR indices (triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C)). Mixed graphical models (MGM) were used to estimate conditional associations within a multivariable network. Double machine learning (DML) with causal-forest estimators provided covariate-adjusted association estimates and probed robustness values (RV) to unmeasured confounding. Exposures were standardized per standard deviation. We also developed a ceramide-augmented model to classify clinical IR, prespecified as TyG ≥ 9, and quantified discrimination by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). Results: Ceramides correlated with IR indices. In MGM analyses, Cer24:0 showed a direct conditional association with TyG (partial r=0.23; 95% CI, 0.17-0.29), independent of other variables in the network. In DML analyses, per 1-unit increase in ln (Cer24:0) was associated with higher TyG (estimate, 0.459; 95% CI, 0.252-0.665; P = 0.001); These estimates demonstrated moderate RV to unmeasured confounding, with an RV ( Conclusions: Across complementary analytic frameworks, Cer24:0 consistently exhibited positive associations with lipid-centric IR metrics among adults with established CAD. Although observational, these findings suggest that circulating ceramide profiling-particularly Cer24:0-may refine metabolic risk stratification beyond conventional indices in cardiology practice.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCeramidesCholesterol, HDLCoronary Artery DiseaseInsulin ResistanceTriglyceridesAgedBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCeramidesCholesterol, HDLTriglyceridescausal forest DMLceramidescoronary artery diseaseinsulin resistancemixed graphical models

Identifiers

PMID41837119
PMCPMC12979231

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.