ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2026
HMGB1: a key molecule linking chronic inflammation to complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus and a target for exercise intervention.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Physical Activity Modifies the Association Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and New-Onset Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a key damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), is frequently dysregulated in T2DM and is implicated in promoting insulin resistance (IR), β cell dysfunction, and the progression of multiple complications-including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, cognitive impairment, myopathy, and dyslipidemia-primarily through activating signaling pathways such as RAGE/TLR4-NF-κB. Exercise, a cornerstone non-pharmacological intervention, effectively mitigates HMGB1-driven pathology through multifaceted mechanisms. These include direct downregulation of HMGB1 expression and suppression of its downstream inflammatory pathways, as well as indirect effects via improved glycemic control, enhancing autophagy, and reduced oxidative stress. This review aims to systematically examine the evidence for the role of HMGB1 in T2DM pathogenesis and its complications, and to evaluate exercise as a potential strategy to target this inflammatory pathway, thereby providing a theoretical framework for future therapeutic approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.