ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2026
Using observational data to investigate cognitive outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea treatment: a scoping review.
Christopher N Kaufmann, Kevin H Yang, Chien-Yu Tseng, Ginger Chang, Halima Amjad, Jennifer S Albrecht, Adam P Spira, Alden L Gross, Emerson M Wickwire, Atul Malhotra
Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraphArticle in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
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3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
10 authors.
Christopher N KaufmannDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2946-7857 Kevin H YangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States.
Chien-Yu TsengDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, United States.
Ginger ChangDepartment of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States.
Halima AmjadDivision of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Jennifer S AlbrechtDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4838-2274 Adam P SpiraCenter on Aging and Health, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1507-0995 Alden L GrossCenter on Aging and Health, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Emerson M WickwireDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Atul MalhotraDivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States.
Funding
Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG063925 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.7MUnderlying mechanisms of obesity-induced obstructive sleep apneaR01HL148436 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2020 to 2026
$3.4MSleep Apnea Endophenotypes: One Size Does Not Fit AllR01HL154926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2021 to 2025
$3.3MSleep apnea treatment and risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimers diseaseR01AG079391 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Christopher Norfleet Kaufmann · 2022 to 2026
$3.1MThe cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea plus COPD (Overlap syndrome)R01HL166485 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$3.1MVentNet: A Real-Time Multimodal Data Integration Model for Prediction of Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19R01HL157985 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL, NEMATI, SHAMIM · 2022 to 2025
$2.9MDeveloping a Diverse Next Generation of Leaders in Respiratory ScienceT32HL166127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Laura Elise Crotty Alexander, Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$1.6MNational Institute of Health K01AG061239National Institute of Health K23AG064036National Institute of Health P30AG028740National Institute of Health R01AG079391NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148436NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL154926NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157985NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL166485NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL166127NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063925NIA NIH HHS R01 AG079391
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
backgroundPrior research indicates a connection between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive deficits, prompting interest in whether OSA treatment can prevent or slow cognitive decline. Past clinical trials on OSA treatment and cognitive impairment have shown inconsistent results. However, observational data might help by examining more diverse populations and larger sample sizes, increasing the ability to detect subtle effects. Therefore, we reviewed literature to characterize studies evaluating cognitive outcomes from OSA treatment using observational study data.
methodsWe conducted a scoping review of studies retrieved on PubMed and Embase. Studies were screened by title/abstract, and then full text, for inclusion. We extracted data characterizing data source, study design, population, sample size, follow-up time, treatments assessed, cognitive outcome variables, and key associations.
resultsOf 3655 unique articles obtained from PubMed and Embase, 13 met eligibility criteria. All were retrospective cohort studies. Ten studies evaluated positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies, one examined uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, and 2 evaluated any type of OSA treatment. No studies evaluated mandibular advancement devices. Cognitive outcomes assessed included dementia diagnosis (8 studies), and changes in cognitive performance (5 studies). Results from studies for the most part found OSA treatment was associated with better cognitive outcomes, although effects varied in magnitude and statistical significance based on the data source, outcomes, and sample size.
conclusionsObservational data has the potential to help evaluate cognitive outcomes from OSA treatment, but more studies are needed, especially for OSA therapies beyond PAP alone.
Indexed as
CognitionCognitive DysfunctionSleep Apnea, ObstructiveContinuous Positive Airway PressureHumansObservational Studies as TopicTreatment OutcomeAlzheimer’s diseaseCognitionContinuous positive airway pressureObstructive sleep apneaReal-world data
Identifiers
PMID41837374
PMCPMC13179563
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