ArticleArchives of toxicology2026
Integrated transcriptomic and variant analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in a genetically homogenized Cas9 strain of Aedes aegypti.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Insecticide resistance, a central problem in insecticide toxicology, in Aedes aegypti continues to undermine vector control efforts worldwide. Although transcriptomic studies have identified numerous resistance-associated genes, differences in genetic background between resistant and susceptible strains often obscure which changes are directly linked to resistance. To reduce background variability, we generated a genetically homogenized pyrethroid-resistant Cas9 strain (PRCas9) by repeatedly backcrossing a susceptible Cas9 strain (exu-Cas9 line) with a highly permethrin-resistant Puerto Rico (PR) strain. PRCas9 retained extreme resistance comparable to the parental PR strain (> 18,000-fold resistance ratio) and was further analyzed alongside the PR and Cas9 strains using RNA-seq. Using this controlled genetic background, transcriptomic profiling identified > 70 differentially expressed genes between resistant and susceptible mosquitoes, revealing reproducible resistance-associated detoxification in insecticide toxicology signatures dominated by cytochrome P450s and carboxylesterases. qRT-PCR validated elevated expression of key detoxification candidates. Variant and promoter sequencing further revealed unique SNPs in detoxification genes, including CYP9J23, CYP9J28, and venom carboxylesterase-6, as well as distinct variants in NOX4-art, a NADPH oxidase involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Gene ontology analysis supported enrichment of detoxification-related molecular functions. Increased NOX4-art expression, together with these regulatory variants, suggests a potential role for ROS-linked regulatory pathways in coordinating detoxification gene activation. This study demonstrates the value of a genetically homogenized resistant Cas9 background for dissecting resistance mechanisms while identifying candidate genes and regulatory elements contributing to pyrethroid resistance. PRCas9 provides a powerful platform for future CRISPR-based functional analyses in insect toxicology aimed at improving vector control strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.