ArticleSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2026
Improved hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory instability with vitamin D supplementation in an obstructive sleep apnea rat models.
Article in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVitamin D deficiency is linked to cardiovascular and respiratory instability, particularly during hypoxic stress, such as in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the mechanisms connecting vitamin D status to hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory responses in hypoxia remain unclear.
objectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on hemodynamic (mean arterial pressure and heart rate) and cardiorespiratory (respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation) stability in an OSA experimental model, along with the effects of dose-dependent vitamin D supplementation.
methodsFifty-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, vitamin D-deficient, vitamin D-deficient with severe intermittent hypoxia (IH) and supplementation subgroups exposed to varying levels of IH. Vitamin D deficiency was induced through a diet lacking vitamin D for three weeks, followed by oral supplementation at two doses (25 µg/kg/day and 37.5 µg/kg/day) for two weeks. Intermittent hypoxia was simulated for 14 days, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured using Elisa. Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded, and heart, aorta tissue were analyzed.
resultsVitamin D-deficient groups exhibited significantly lower serum 25OHD levels and showed increased mean arterial pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and reduced oxygen saturation under hypoxia. High-dose supplementation improved 25OHD levels and improved physiological measures, particularly in moderate hypoxia subgroups (p = 0.001).
conclusionVitamin D deficiency combined with intermittent hypoxia increased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, reduced oxygen saturation, and worsened cardiovascular histology. Vitamin D supplementation improved these changes, especially at higher dose, and protected cardiovascular structures.
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