ArticleThe Journal of physiology2026
Heart rate phase is an indicator of chronotype-relevant circadian shifts associated with human disease: an All of Us Research Program analysis.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Chronotype describes an individual's day or night preference and is thought to exert health effects through circadian timing, yet continuous circadian measures related to chronotype have never been examined in large human cohorts. We sought to quantify wearable-derived heart rate phase (HRP) as an indicator of chronotype-relevant circadian shifts and determine its associations with human disease. Heart rate was aggregated over 5 min intervals in All of Us participants with wearable data and fit to a sine curve with 24 h period to determine HRP. Associations between HRP and circadian genomic variants were determined by linear regression. A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) was performed by multiple logistic regression. One-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed by two-stage residual inclusion. Average HRP was 9.48 ± 1.57 h (n = 15,960). PheWAS identified phenome-wide associations of later HRP with addiction, mood, sleep and metabolic disorders, while certain conditions of pregnancy were associated with earlier HRP. In focused analyses of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), later HRP was associated with increased T2DM risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.09 [1.06,1.13], P = 1.58 × 10
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