Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41840366›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026

Nonlinear associations of remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with the risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.

Lizhi Liu, Danjing Chen, Shiyuan Wang, Wen Si, He Zhang, Yijun Jiang, Yongfeng Cai, Shanghua Xu, Xian-E Peng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lizhi Liu *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Danjing Chen *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Shiyuan WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Wen SiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
He ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Yijun JiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Yongfeng CaiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Shanghua XuDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Nanping, 353000, China.
Xian-E PengDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China. fmuxe@163.com.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province 2023J01628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to explore the association between the ratio of remnant cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RC/HDL-C) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

methodsThis cross-sectional study included 2,589 participants underwent physical examinations from 2015 to 2017. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were applied to assess the association between RC/HDL-C ratio and the risk of MAFLD.

resultsThere is a positive correlation between RC/HDL-C ratio and the risk of MAFLD (P for trend < 0.001). Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between RC/HDL-C ratio and MAFLD (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 5.91, 95%CI: 4.06–8.74). The results remain stable in subgroup analyses. RCS analysis showed a significant non-linear dose-response relationship (P for nonlinear < 0.001) between RC/HDL-C ratio and the risk of MAFLD. ROC analysis indicated that RC/HDL-C had modest discriminative ability for MAFLD (AUC = 0.778, 95%CI: 0.758–0.797).

conclusionsThis cross-sectional study found a significant nonlinear positive relationship between RC/HDL-C and MAFLD, and RC/HDL-C showed modest discriminative ability for MAFLD. These findings suggest that RC/HDL-C may serve as a potential risk-related biomarker for MAFLD.

Indexed as

CholesterolCholesterol, HDLNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseTriglyceridesAdultBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsROC CurveBiomarkersCholesterolCholesterol, HDLTriglyceridesMAFLDRC/HDL-CRestricted Cubic Spline

Identifiers

PMID41840366
PMCPMC13104286

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.