Evidence mapPaperPMID 41840370Full record

ArticleBMC neuroscience2026

Milk-derived miR-126-3p-loaded small extracellular vesicles attenuate amyloid-β-induced cellular stress in a neuroblastoma cell model.

Sinan Gönüllü, Şeyma Aydın, Hamit Çelik, Oğuz Çelik, Sefa Küçükler, Ahmet Topal, Ramazan Akay, Mustafa Onur Yıldız, Bülent Alım, Selçuk Özdemir

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sinan GönüllüDepartment of Neurology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye.
Şeyma AydınDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Hamit ÇelikDepartment of Neurology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Oğuz ÇelikSavur Prof. Dr. Aziz Sancar District State Hospital, Mardin, Türkiye.
Sefa KüçüklerDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Ahmet TopalDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Ramazan AkayDepartment of Neurology, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Türkiye.
Mustafa Onur YıldızDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun, Türkiye.
Bülent AlımDepartment of Neurology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Selçuk ÖzdemirDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye. selcuk.ozdemir@atauni.edu.tr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration driven by amyloid-β (Aβ)–associated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated inflammatory signaling. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) represent promising regulators of these interconnected pathways, their therapeutic application is limited by instability and inefficient cellular delivery. In this study, the cytoprotective potential of milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) loaded with miR-126-3p was evaluated in an Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell model. sEVs were isolated and characterized according to MISEV guidelines, loaded with synthetic miR-126-3p, and administered to Aβ-induced cells. miR-126-3p–enriched sEVs significantly attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by normalization of ROS, LDH, GPX1, MDA, and SOD levels, while naïve sEVs exerted only partial effects. At the transcriptional level, miR-126-3p delivery restored stress-responsive gene expression patterns by reducing ICAM1 and TNF-α expression and normalizing BDNF levels, reflecting modulation of neuron-intrinsic inflammatory signaling rather than tissue-level neuroinflammation. Markers of cytoskeletal and mitochondrial stress, including intracellular NfL, cytochrome c, 8-OHdG, TFAM, PINK1, and DNM1L, were also significantly reduced following miR-126-3p–loaded sEV treatment, indicating improved cellular homeostasis under amyloid stress. Furthermore, intracellular tau-related markers and Aβ1–40 accumulation were attenuated, consistent with suppression of Aβ-triggered pathological signaling cascades. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that sEV-mediated miR-126-3p delivery confers robust cytoprotective effects at the cellular level in a neuroblastoma model. While extrapolation to in vivo neurodegeneration requires caution, the results highlight milk-derived sEVs as a biocompatible and scalable platform for miRNA-based modulation of AD-relevant cellular stress pathways.

Indexed as

Amyloid beta-PeptidesExtracellular VesiclesMicroRNAsNeuroblastomaOxidative StressAnimalsCell Line, TumorHumansPeptide FragmentsAmyloid beta-PeptidesMicroRNAsMIRN126 microRNA, humanPeptide FragmentsAlzheimer’s diseaseAmyloid-βmiR-126-3pMitochondrial dysfunctionNeuronal cellular stressOxidative stressSmall extracellular vesicles

Identifiers

PMID41840370
PMCPMC13104434

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.