Evidence mapPaperPMID 41840435Full record

SynthesisJournal of foot and ankle research2026

Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes-Related Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Artery Disease, Foot Ulcers and Lower Extremity Amputations in Ireland; A Systematic Review.

Sinead Kavanagh, Jennifer A Pallin, Ann Sinéad Doherty, Linda M O'Keeffe, Steven Gilmore, Peter A Lazzarini, Claire M Buckley

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sinead KavanaghSchool of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-0575
Jennifer A PallinSchool of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-6152
Ann Sinéad DohertyDepartment of General Practice, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4149-1574
Linda M O'KeeffeSchool of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-0774
Steven GilmoreDepartment of General Practice, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5823-9614
Peter A LazzariniSchool of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-7964
Claire M BuckleySchool of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-7022

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetes-related foot disease is a leading cause of global disease burden, however the prevalence and incidence of diabetes-related foot disease in Ireland is poorly understood. Up-to-date population-level estimates of the incidence and prevalence are imperative to support appropriate health service planning. This study examined the prevalence and incidence of diabetes-related foot disease in the Irish population.

methodsWe systematically searched Pubmed, EMBASE and Lenus the Irish Health Research repository, for peer-reviewed articles published until August 2025. Publications reporting on prevalence and incidence of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, foot ulceration or amputation in people with diabetes in Ireland, were eligible for inclusion. The Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess included studies methodological quality and establish the degree to which bias was addressed in the study's design and analysis. Results were synthesised descriptively according to study characteristics and outcomes.

resultsThree studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 145,945), with varying outcome measurement methods. In community-based diabetes populations, peripheral neuropathy prevalence ranged from 15% to 39% (n = 1055) and peripheral artery disease prevalence ranged from 18% to 34% (n = 383). For the history of foot ulcers, prevalence was 3.7% (n = 563) and annual incidence was 2.6% (n = 383). One national population-based study (n = 144,710) reported incidence of amputation increased from 144.2 to 175.7 per 100,000 people with diabetes between 2005 and 2009.

conclusionThis review found there is a paucity of information on prevalence and incidence of diabetes-related foot disease in Ireland. However, these findings suggest that prevalence is similar to, if not lower than, global rates of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease outcomes and amputation incidence outcomes. High heterogeneity in populations and outcomes highlights the need for robust studies and consensus on diabetes-related foot outcome assessment. Establishing a national diabetes register could strengthen surveillance, identify high-risk groups and inform cost-effective public health planning.

trial registrationPROSPERO (CRD42023472904).

Indexed as

Amputation, SurgicalDiabetic FootDiabetic NeuropathiesPeripheral Arterial DiseaseFemaleHumansIncidenceIrelandLower ExtremityMalePrevalencediabetic footepidemiologyincidenceprevalence

Identifiers

PMID41840435
PMCPMC13097383

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.