Evidence mapPaperPMID 41840475Full record

ArticleBMC primary care2026

Characterising prescribing cascades in older community-dwelling adults attending general practice in The Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study.

Ann Sinéad Doherty, Marieke Perry, Frank Moriarty, Fiona Boland, Barbara Clyne, Tom Fahey, Denis O'Mahony, Emma Wallace

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC primary care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ann Sinéad DohertyDepartment of General Practice, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-4149-1574
Marieke PerryDepartment of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0675-9678
Frank MoriartySchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-9838-3625
Fiona BolandData Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-3228-0046
Barbara ClyneDepartment of Public Health & Epidemiology, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-1186-9495
Tom FaheyDepartment of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-5896-5783
Denis O'MahonyDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-2236-5222
Emma WallaceDepartment of General Practice, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland. ewallace@ucc.ie.ORCID 0000-0002-9315-2956

Funding

Health Research Board HRB-ECSA-2020-002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrescribing cascades, where one medication is used to treat/prevent the adverse effects of another, have been the subject of increased research focus. However, few studies have confirmed potential prescribing cascades identified via administrative or dispensed medicines records with general practice patient record data. This study examined the incidence of ThinkCascades, a list of nine prescribing cascades of clinical relevance in older adults developed via international expert consensus, using general practice data in The Netherlands.

methodsA retrospective cohort study examined prescribing records for adults aged ≥ 65 years captured within the FaMe-Net general practice database in The Netherlands for the period 2011–2021. The primary exposures were incident use of Drug A within each ThinkCascades dyad, with the primary outcomes defined as incident use of the corresponding Drug B within 365 days. Independent clinical review of identified potential prescribing cascades was conducted by a general practitioner and pharmacist using an approach consistent with methods applied in earlier prescribing cascade research.

resultsThe eligible cohort comprised 710 incident users of any ThinkCascades Drug A. Their mean age was 75.8 (SD = 6.1) years; 53.5% (n = 380) were female. Overall, 21 ThinkCascades dyads were identified in 18 participants, representing a one-year incidence proportion of 2.5% (N = 710). Only six of nine ThinkCascades were identified amongst study participants, most commonly the calcium channel blocker to diuretic prescribing cascade. Just over one-quarter of identified potential prescribing cascades (6/21; 28.6%) were supported as true prescribing cascades based on independent clinical record review. True cascade likelihood was indeterminable for three cases.

conclusionsPrescribing cascades, defined by ThinkCascades, were relatively uncommon over the eight-year study of older people attending Dutch general practice. Three of nine ThinkCascades were not identified. Only one in four identified prescribing cascades had evidence supporting a true prescribing cascade following independent clinical record review. Further research to characterise the prevalence of confirmed prescribing cascades is required. Recent research recommends expanding the number of prescribing cascade dyads which may impact identification rates. Tools to support prescribing cascade awareness, identification and deprescribing need to incorporate shared decision-making with patients and demonstrate clinical utility in supporting medication reviews in primary care.

Indexed as

Drug PrescriptionsGeneral PracticePractice Patterns, Physicians'AgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIndependent LivingMaleNetherlandsRetrospective StudiesElectronic medical health recordsGeneral practiceOlder adultsPotentially inappropriate prescribingPrescribing cascades

Identifiers

PMID41840475
PMCPMC13107699

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.