Evidence mapPaperPMID 41840511Full record

SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026

Predictive models for adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetal growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jihong Peng, Yingqi Fang, Wenzhuo Shen, Jinyang Hu, Xuedong Deng, Linliang Yin

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jihong Peng *Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China.
Yingqi Fang *Center for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China.
Wenzhuo ShenDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
Jinyang HuDepartment of neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Xuedong DengCenter for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China. xuedongdeng@163.com.
Linliang YinCenter for Medical Ultrasound, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China. yllsznthello@hotmail.com.

Funding

Case Cohort Project from Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University GSKY20220408Jiangsu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Scientific Project F202044Special Project of Suzhou Clinical Key Disease's Diagnosis and Treatment LCZX202208Suzhou General Project for Advancing Science, Education & health MSXM2024022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of existing predictive models for adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction from multiple perspectives.

methodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI up to January 2025 to identify studies on the development, validation, or updating of clinical prediction models for adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetal growth restriction. Risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction Model Study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Subgroup analyses were based on study design, country income level, predictor types, and outcome categories. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis.

resultsA systematic literature search identified 40 studies describing predictive models for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the context of fetal growth restriction. Of these, 26 studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis based on diagnostic criteria for FGR and risk assessment methodologies. Meta-analysis showed pooled AUCs of 0.823 (95% CI: 0.767–0.868; I² = 52.52%) for early-onset FGR, 0.749 (95% CI: 0.671–0.813; I² = 92.78%) for late-onset FGR, and 0.791 (95% CI: 0.714–0.852; I² = 84.09%) for studies without onset differentiation. Models using multiple predictors consistently outperformed single-predictor models (AUC: 0.758 vs. 0.743; 0.845 vs. 0.746) in the late-onset FGR and FGR groups. We also demonstrated models with different predictor sets for composite adverse pregnancy outcomes. Incorporating Doppler indices, biochemical markers, or maternal clinical factors into models based on estimated fetal weight may moderately enhance overall predictive performance.

conclusionsOur study demonstrates that integrating Doppler parameters, biochemical markers, or maternal clinical factors into models based on estimated fetal weight may moderately improve overall predictive performance for composite adverse pregnancy outcomes with FGR. However, few have undergone rigorous internal or external validation; therefore, their clinical application warrants caution. Future research should focus on multi-center studies, improve existing thresholds, and explore new indicators. It is also necessary to combine machine learning and deep learning techniques to enhance model performance.

trial registrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42025643903.

Indexed as

Fetal Growth RetardationPregnancy OutcomeFemaleHumansPrediction AlgorithmsPregnancyRisk AssessmentFetal growth restrictionMeta-analysisPregnancy outcomesPrognostic modelsSystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41840511
PMCPMC13185423

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.