Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41840574›Full record

ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2026

BMI-stratified performance of native CT hounsfield units in the proximal femur for osteoporosis detection and fracture association.

Julian Ramin Andresen, Thomas Haider, Reimer Andresen

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Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Julian Ramin AndresenDepartment of Orthopaedics, University Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria. ramin.andresen@meduniwien.ac.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-2793
Thomas HaiderDepartment of Trauma Surgery, University Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-8453
Reimer AndresenInstitute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology / Neuroradiology, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Universities of Kiel, Luebeck and Hamburg, Westkuestenklinikum Heide, Esmarchstraße 50, Heide, 25746, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-525X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOpportunistic computed tomography (CT) bone density assessment using Hounsfield units (HU) is increasingly used. Body mass index (BMI) may influence dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography X-ray absorptiometry of the hip (CTXA), and CT attenuation values, potentially affecting HU thresholds and fracture discrimination. We quantified associations between BMI, femoral HU, hip T-scores, and prevalent fractures.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 600 consecutive patients (65.3 ± 14.1 years; 81% female; BMI 26.7 ± 6.5 kg/m²) who underwent CTXA hip assessment. Trabecular HU were measured on coronal CT images using a circular ROI in the femoral head and an irregular ROI in the proximal femur. BMI subgroups followed WHO categories. Spearman correlations (ρ) and linear regression analyses (R²) were performed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for age and sex.

resultsBMI correlated positively with femoral HU and hip T-score (ρ = 0.46; p < 0.001). In multivariable models, each 1 kg/m² increase in BMI was associated with higher HU values (+ 3.32 HU; 95% CI 2.61–4.02) and higher hip T-score (+ 0.081; 95% CI 0.064–0.098; p < 0.001). Fracture prevalence decreased across BMI categories. HU values discriminated patients with and without hip fracture (AUC up to 0.99). Given the cross-sectional design, these values reflect discrimination within the study cohort rather than prospective predictive validity. No proximal femur fractures occurred above the osteoporosis threshold of 94.77 HU.

conclusionsBMI was independently associated with CT attenuation and CTXA-derived bone density parameters and inversely associated with prevalent fractures in this cohort. BMI should be considered when interpreting opportunistic HU measurements and applying fixed thresholds.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexFemurOsteoporosisOsteoporotic FracturesTomography, X-Ray ComputedAbsorptiometry, PhotonAgedAged, 80 and overBone DensityFemaleHip FracturesHumansMaleMiddle AgedProximal Femoral FracturesRetrospective StudiesBody mass indexBone density measurementCTXAFracture riskHip fractureHounsfield unitsOpportunistic osteoporosis diagnostics

Identifiers

PMID41840574
PMCPMC13104318

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.