Evidence mapPaperPMID 41840601Full record

ArticleLipids in health and disease2026

Unmasking silent bioenergetic failure in normolactatemic AMI patients: a multicenter validation of the TyG-ACAG index.

Xiaoxue Zhang, Qing Xu, Chenxi Yan, Huan Wang, Zhizun Mei, Min Hu, Cai Cheng, Yi Bian, Shiliang Li

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiaoxue Zhang *Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Qing Xu *Radiology Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Chenxi YanDivision of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Huan WangThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510170, China.
Zhizun MeiDivision of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Min HuDivision of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
Cai ChengDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China. cai.cheng@hotmail.com.
Yi BianDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. bianyi2526@163.com.
Shiliang LiDivision of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. lishiliang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology KYXZ012025090153
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundScores such as SOFA and blood lactate, which reflect hemodynamic compromise, may fail to capture early metabolic dysfunction in critically ill patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). We aimed to develop and validate the TyG-ACAG index—a novel integrated marker of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis—and evaluate its incremental value for risk stratification.

methodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study was derived in 2,277 adult AMI patients from the eICU-CRD and validated in 738 patients from the MIMIC-IV and Tongji Hospital databases. The TyG-ACAG index was calculated within 24 hours of ICU admission. Associations with all-cause in-hospital mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression with Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW). Incremental predictive value over a baseline model (Age + SOFA) was quantified using the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI). Additionally, we performed discordance analysis and utilized SHAP values from an XGBoost model to interpret feature importance.

resultsA high TyG-ACAG index (>129.45) was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.723; 95% CI: 1.343–2.212; P < 0.001). The inclusion of the index significantly refined risk stratification, yielding an NRI of 0.381 (P < 0.001) over the baseline model. Crucially, discordance analysis unmasked a high-risk phenotype: patients with clinically normal lactate (<2.0 mmol/L) but elevated TyG-ACAG levels had significantly higher mortality (HR = 3.95; 95% CI: 2.08–7.48; P < 0.001). Machine learning analysis corroborated these findings, ranking the index as the third most important predictor. Subgroup analysis further highlighted its robust prognostic value, particularly in younger patients (<65 years, OR = 11.84).

conclusionThe TyG-ACAG index serves as a robust indicator of bioenergetic failure, providing prognostic information that complements traditional hemodynamic markers. By identifying high-risk individuals masked by normolactatemia, this novel metric effectively bridges the gap in early metabolic risk assessment for critically ill AMI patients.

Indexed as

AcidosisEnergy MetabolismMyocardial InfarctionAgedBiomarkersCritical IllnessFemaleHospital MortalityHumansInsulin ResistanceLactic AcidMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBiomarkersLactic AcidAcute myocardial infarctionCritical careInsulin resistanceMetabolic acidosisNormolactatemiaRisk stratificationTyG-ACAG index

Identifiers

PMID41840601
PMCPMC13130730

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.