ReviewLipids in health and disease2026
Exploring sex bias in cardiometabolic diseases.
Review in Lipids in health and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), represent an alarming burden on healthcare systems. Differences in the prevalence, progression and outcomes of CMD are significantly sex specific, as are differences between premenopause and postmenopause. These differences lie in the distinct body fat distributions and lipid and lipoprotein profiles associated with estrogens, particularly 17β-estradiol (E2), which play a central protective role in female cardiometabolic health. Premenopausal women generally display a more favorable lipid profile, higher HDL-C levels and enhanced fatty acid oxidation, which collectively reduce CVD risk. On the other hand, a decrease in E2 during menopause promotes visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, impaired hepatic handling, and a proinflammatory state that accentuates cardiovascular risk. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which estrogens, particularly E2, regulate lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and inflammatory pathways. In this review, we also highlight the knowledge gaps that limit the development of sex-specific preventative and therapeutic strategies. Understanding sex differences in CMD is essential for improving the cardiometabolic health of women, particularly during the postmenopausal period.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.