Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41842732›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2026

Association between continuous glucose monitoring metrics and diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria among Japanese individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Yuichiro Kondo, Ryo Kubota, Rika Suda, Yukiko Hasegawa, Junko Oya, Satoshi Takagi, Hiroko Takaike, Junnosuke Miura, Tomoko Nakagami

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuichiro KondoDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4793-8352
Ryo KubotaDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1340-0560
Rika SudaDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3514-0408
Yukiko HasegawaDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-8382
Junko OyaDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-2606
Satoshi TakagiDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-7911
Hiroko TakaikeDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-2802
Junnosuke MiuraDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5115-1111
Tomoko NakagamiDivision of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-7212

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS/

introductionThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between glucose metrics measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and albuminuria among Japanese individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe study included 294 individuals with type 1 diabetes (68.7% women) who underwent intermittent scanned CGM between March and April 2023. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the cross-sectional association of each glucose metric (time in range [TIR], time above range [TAR], time below range, glucose management indicator [GMI], and coefficient of variation [CV]) with DR or albuminuria.

resultsThe prevalence of DR and albuminuria was 27.6 and 13.6%, respectively. CGM metrics did not differ between individuals with DR and those without. However, individuals with albuminuria had significantly lower TIR and higher TAR than those without. The presence of DR was significantly associated with higher levels of TAR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, P < 0.001), GMI (OR = 2.13, P < 0.001), and HbA1c (OR = 2.07, P < 0.001), and with a lower level of TIR (OR = 0.97, P = 0.005). The presence of albuminuria was significantly associated with higher levels of TAR (OR = 1.05, P = 0.002), GMI (OR = 2.28, P = 0.005), and HbA1c (OR = 2.28, P < 0.001), and with a lower level of TIR (OR = 0.95, P = 0.007).

conclusionDecreased TIR and increased TAR and GMI were independently associated with a higher prevalence of DR and albuminuria in Japanese individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Indexed as

AlbuminuriaBiomarkersDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetic RetinopathyAdultBlood GlucoseContinuous Glucose MonitoringCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinCGM metricsMicrovascular complicationsType 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41842732
PMCPMC13137271

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.