Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41842926›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychoactive drugs2026

Understanding the Impact of Structural Racism and Violence Across the Lifespan on Overdose Vulnerability Among Black San Franciscans Experiencing Homelessness.

Marie Gourdet, Sedona L Koenders, Natrina L Johnson, Tianna Jacques, Zena K Coronado, Dallas Augustine, Grace Taylor, Kelly R Knight, Ricky Bluthenthal

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychoactive drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marie GourdetSchool of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sedona L KoendersDepartment of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5150-1663
Natrina L JohnsonDivision of Health Equity and Society, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Tianna JacquesDivision of Health Equity and Society, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Zena K CoronadoDivision of Health Equity and Society, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dallas AugustineDepartment of Justice Studies, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA.
Grace TaylorDivision of Health Equity and Society, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kelly R KnightDepartment of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ricky BluthenthalDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

A Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Fentanyl-Stimulant Polysubstance Use Among People Experiencing Homelessness (Administrative supplement)R01DA057672 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KNIGHT, KELLY RAY, MCNEIL, RYAN · 2022 to 2023
$2.7M
Next Generation Nurse Scientists Ending the HIV EpidemicT32NR020776 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CAROL DAWSON-ROSE, Glenn-Milo Santos · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA057672NINR NIH HHS T32 NR020776
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Overdose in California is highly racialized, with Black Californians experiencing excessive mortality. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) report high rates of fentanyl-stimulant co-use and drug-related harm. There is limited research examining structural racism and intersectional violence of policing, homelessness, and overdose throughout the lifespan of Black people. POLY HOME is a qualitative study among PEH who fentanyl and stimulants in San Francisco, California, examining how housing status shapes drug-related harm and engagement with overdose prevention, services, and treatment. We analyzed baseline and life history interviews from 26 Black participants. They reported experiences of physical and psychological violence and associated trauma resulting from the criminal legal system during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Black participants reported viewing the police less as a community resource than as a form of potential community harm, leading participants to avoid emergency services and law enforcement during life-threatening events. Increased policing and involuntary displacements increased overdose risk. Our findings elucidate how systemic issues in policing and the criminal legal system contribute to overdose risk among Black PEH. Programs and policies are needed that reduce criminal legal involvement for Black PEH and address how experiences of structural racism across the lifespan impact overdose vulnerability in later life.

Indexed as

Overdosepeople experiencing homelessnesspolicingstructural racismsubstance usetrauma

Identifiers

PMID41842926
PMCPMC13075799

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.