SynthesisImmunologic research2026
GLP-1 and its derivatives are associated with the reduction of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in systemic chronic inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models.
Synthesis in Immunologic research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Long-term infiltration of macrophages will aggravate chronic low-grade inflammation in the body. Here, we aim to evaluate the changes in F4/80 (total macrophage markers), M1/M2 macrophage markers and inflammatory cytokines following intervention with GLP-1 and its derivatives in animal models. We conducted an electronic literature search on 7 databases from establishment to November 1, 2024. The primary outcomes were the mRNA and protein expression of F4/80. The secondary outcomes were changes in M1/M2 macrophage markers and inflammatory factor. A total of 368 studies were screened according to pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, GLP-1 and its derivatives reduced F4/80 mRNA (P < 0.0001) and F4/80 protein levels (P < 0.0001) in experimental groups. For M1 macrophage markers, compared with the control group, the levels of Tlr-4 mRNA (P < 0.0001) and iNOS mRNA (P = 0.001) related to inflammation were decreased in experimental groups. However, compared with the control group, the changes of M2 macrophage markers in the experimental group were not statistically significant, such as CD163 mRNA levels (P = 0.09), CD206 mRNA levels (P = 0.44) and Arg-1 mRNA levels (P = 0.34). Compared with the control group, the levels of relevant pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.0001), TNF-α mRNA (P < 0.0001) and IL1-β mRNA (P < 0.0001), were decreased in experimental groups. The mRNA level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P = 0.0003). Compared with the control group, the levels of MCP-1 mRNA (P < 0.0001) related to inflammation were decreased in experimental groups. In addition, the results of our analysis indicated a reduction in CCR2 mRNA levels in animals subjected to the intervention compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Our study suggests that GLP-1 and its derivatives are associated with the reduction of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in systemic chronic inflammatory diseases.
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