ReviewJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology2026
Exosome-based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: antitumor mechanisms, engineering strategies, and challenges.
Review in Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exosome-based vaccines hold significant promise in cancer immunotherapy, yet their native forms face inherent challenges, including imprecise targeting, suboptimal immunogenicity, and poor controllability of antigen loading. This review posits that engineering is pivotal to transforming exosomes from passive carriers into active, programmable therapeutic platforms. We systematically dissect the multifaceted antitumor mechanisms of exosomes and critically evaluate how various engineering strategies (e.g., physical loading, genetic modification, membrane functionalization) are designed to address these specific biological bottlenecks, thereby establishing a coherent "biological limitation-engineering solution" framework. Building on this foundation, we assess their application potential and ongoing challenges in areas such as personalized neoantigen vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.