Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41844666›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Permeable nanoreactor eye drop for enzymatic cascade-mediated treatment for acute retinal injury model mimicking geographic atrophy.

Jingjing Shen, Haibin Zhao, Yuan Fang, Xinying Lv, Linfu Chen, Yu Miao, Zhiqiang Wu, Nanhui Liu, Qiang Zhang, Yang Yang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jingjing ShenInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Haibin ZhaoInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Yuan FangInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Xinying LvInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Linfu ChenInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Yu MiaoInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Zhiqiang WuDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Nanhui LiuInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Qiang ZhangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yang YangDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qian ChenInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. chenqian@suda.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-5479

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Geographic atrophy (GA), the most prevalent form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), remains clinically challenging due to its complex pathogenesis. Using an acute retinal injury model that mimics GA pathology (oxidative stress-induced retinal apoptosis), we identify enzymatic cascade restoration as a promising therapeutic strategy. To overcome ocular delivery barriers, we engineer zwitterionic nanocages for co-delivering catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Z(CAT&SOD)). These optimized nanocages achieve a remarkable 9.32% ocular penetration rate, which significantly outperforms free peroxidase (0.54%), through conjunctival-sclera-retina and conjunctival-blood-retina penetration pathways, and achieve therapeutic efficacy comparable to intravitreal injection. In the chronic management of GA, the non-invasive Z(CAT&SOD) eye drops show superior therapeutic effects to the current gold standard clinical antioxidants and lutein supplement. Therefore, this work reveals the possible association between retinal peroxidase deficiency and GA progression, and proposes a non-invasive, highly effective zwitterionic nanocage for AMD treatment.

Indexed as

CatalaseGeographic AtrophyOphthalmic SolutionsRetinaSuperoxide DismutaseAnimalsAntioxidantsDisease Models, AnimalHumansOxidative StressAntioxidantsCatalaseOphthalmic SolutionsSuperoxide Dismutase

Identifiers

PMID41844666
PMCPMC13144605

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.