Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41844870›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Association of aerobic capacity and handgrip strength in obese and non-obese children aged 10-15 years in Riyadh region, KSA-a cross sectional study.

Gopal Nambi, Mshari Alghadier, Arul Vellaiyan, Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed, Vijayamurugan Eswaramoorthi, Ramprasad Muthukrishnan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gopal NambiDepartment of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. physio_gopal@rediffmail.com.
Mshari AlghadierDepartment of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Arul VellaiyanDepartment of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Shahul Hameed Pakkir MohamedDepartment of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Vijayamurugan EswaramoorthiDepartment of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia.
Ramprasad MuthukrishnanDepartment of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.

Funding

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University 2025/03/38911
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Childhood obesity is associated with impaired physical fitness and increased future cardiometabolic risk. Aerobic capacity and muscular strength are key components of health-related fitness; however, their interrelationship across weight status remains underexplored in Middle Eastern pediatric populations. This study aimed to examine the association between aerobic capacity and muscular strength among obese and non-obese children aged 10–15 years in the Riyadh region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 children (52% boys and 48% girls) selected from screened government and private school students in Riyadh, comprising 100 obese and 100 non-obese participants for balanced group comparison. Obesity was defined using World Health Organization age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles. Aerobic capacity was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test, with estimated VO2max calculated from performance. Muscular strength was measured using handgrip dynamometry, and relative strength was derived by normalizing grip strength to body weight. Group comparisons were performed using independent t-tests. Associations between aerobic capacity and muscular strength were analyzed using correlation and multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Obese children demonstrated significantly lower shuttle run performance and estimated VO2max compared with non-obese children (p < 0.001). Absolute handgrip strength was higher in obese children (p = 0.01), whereas relative muscular strength was significantly lower (p < 0.001). Aerobic capacity showed moderate to strong positive correlations with both absolute and relative muscular strength in both groups, with stronger associations observed for relative strength. In multivariable regression analyses conducted using separate models to avoid mathematical coupling, relative muscular strength independently predicted VO2max after adjusting for age and sex (β = 0.47, p < 0.001), explaining 52% of variance. In a separate adiposity model, BMI was inversely associated with aerobic capacity (β = −0.51, p < 0.001), explaining 56% of variance. Obese children aged 10–15 years exhibited reduced aerobic capacity and lower relative muscular strength despite higher absolute strength. Both adiposity and functional muscular strength were independently associated with aerobic fitness when modeled separately. The stronger predictive value of relative muscular strength highlights the importance of improving strength relative to body mass, alongside aerobic conditioning, in pediatric obesity prevention and intervention programs.

Indexed as

Hand StrengthPediatric ObesityPhysical FitnessAdolescentBody Mass IndexChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleOxygen ConsumptionSaudi ArabiaAerobic capacity, Handgrip strength, Obesity, Children, Cross-sectional study

Identifiers

PMID41844870
PMCPMC13128850

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.