Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41845339›Full record

Trial reportBMC medicine2026

Effects of Tai Chi combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on pain in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled neuroimaging trial.

Xuefeng Liu, Tong Tang, Shengxiang Liang, Jia Huang, Zhizhen Liu, Weilin Liu, Li Huang, Shiqi Zhan, Jing Tao

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xuefeng LiuCollege of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Tong TangCollege of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Shengxiang LiangRehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Jia HuangCollege of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Zhizhen LiuRehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Weilin LiuRehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Li HuangCollege of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Shiqi ZhanCollege of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
Jing TaoCollege of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China. taojing01@fjtcm.edu.cn.

Funding

Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine KFKT-2022-017Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology 2021J01948Rehabilitation technology innovation center by joint collaboration of ministry of education and Fujian province, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine X2021007-collaboration
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) involves maladaptive neuroplastic adaptations within the pain matrix. Tai Chi and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) each alleviate KOA pain, potentially by modulating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Whether combining them yields superior analgesic and neuromodulatory effects remains to be established.

methodsIn this four-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 152 participants with KOA were allocated to a 12-week intervention: (1) Tai Chi combined with tDCS, (2) Tai Chi, (3) tDCS, or (4) a Health Education Control group. The primary outcome was pain intensity assessed using the Pain subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcomes included the WOMAC Stiffness and Physical Function subscales, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between the right DLPFC and key regions of the pain matrix was analyzed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention.

resultsThe Tai Chi combined with tDCS group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in WOMAC Pain subscores compared to the Health Education Control group (P < 0.001), the tDCS group (P = 0.003), and the Tai Chi group (P = 0.048). However, the combined intervention did not show statistically superior improvement over Tai Chi group in secondary outcomes. Neuroimaging results indicated that all active interventions decreased rsFC between the right DLPFC and several pain-matrix regions, including the left posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral thalamus, left precuneus, and left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, the extent of pain reduction was positively correlated with decreased connectivity between the right DLPFC and both the left posterior cingulate cortex and the left precuneus.

conclusionsThis exploratory trial suggests that combining Tai Chi with tDCS provides superior pain relief compared to either monotherapy in individuals with KOA. Post hoc exploratory neuroimaging analyses further indicate that this analgesic effect may be associated with changes in rsFC between the right DLPFC and regions of the pain matrix.

trial registrationThis study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100047287).

Indexed as

Osteoarthritis, KneePain ManagementTai JiTranscranial Direct Current StimulationAgedCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingPain MeasurementTreatment OutcomeDorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)Knee osteoarthritis (KOA)PainPain matrixTai ChiTai Chi combined with tDCSTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Identifiers

PMID41845339
PMCPMC13107616

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.