Evidence mapPaperPMID 41845408Full record

ArticleNutrition & metabolism2026

Previous oral glucose tolerance test results as predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in subsequent pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.

Li Wu, Gaojie Fan, Li Zhang, Jianing Bi, Jing Peng, Qing Liu, Qing Fang, Lulu Song, Lijuan Zheng, Guocheng Liu and 1 more

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Article in Nutrition & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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11 authors.

Li Wu *Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Avenue, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
Gaojie Fan *Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China. d202281778@hust.edu.cn.
Li ZhangGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Avenue, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
Jianing BiDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Jing PengGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Avenue, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
Qing LiuDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Qing FangDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Lulu SongDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
Lijuan ZhengGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Avenue, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
Guocheng LiuGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, No. 521 Xingnan Avenue, Guangzhou, 511400, China. liuguocheng@gdwch.com.cn.
Youjie WangDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFA1101500National Natural Science Foundation of China 82003479National Natural Science Foundation of China 82073660
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the gold standard for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), its potential to predict GDM recurrence or occurrence in subsequent pregnancies remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to determine whether OGTT results from a previous pregnancy could predict GDM risk in a subsequent pregnancy.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 11,397 women with two consecutive singleton pregnancies between January 2015 and July 2024, obtained from the Guangdong Women and Children Hospital. A 75-g OGTT was performed at 24–28 gestational weeks, with GDM diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess associations between prior OGTT values (fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour glucose levels) and subsequent GDM risk. Predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

resultsElevated OGTT values (fasting, 1-hour, and 2-hour glucose levels) in the previous pregnancy were significantly associated with increased GDM risk in the subsequent pregnancy. Women with prior GDM had a markedly higher GDM incidence rate (51.6%) than those without prior GDM (10.6%). Combined hyperglycemia (elevated fasting and postprandial glucose) conferred the highest risk (adjusted OR: 16.21, 95% CI: 11.17–23.93), followed by isolated postprandial hyperglycemia (adjusted OR: 7.83, 95% CI: 6.85–8.98) and isolated fasting hyperglycemia (adjusted OR = 6.36, 95% CI: 4.64–8.68). OGTT values exhibited a J-shaped relationship with GDM risk. The model incorporating all three OGTT values demonstrated improved predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.81–0.83).

conclusionsOGTT results from a previous pregnancy are strong predictors of GDM risk in subsequent pregnancies. These findings support the clinical use of routine OGTT data to identify high-risk women for targeted interventions, potentially reducing GDM recurrence and improving maternal-neonatal outcomes.

Indexed as

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)PredictorRecurrent gestational diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41845408
PMCPMC13107726

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.