Evidence mapPaperPMID 41846902Full record

ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2026

Comparative Association of Basal and Basal-Prandial Insulin Regimens on Remnant Cholesterol and Lipid Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Ramdhani M Natsir, Eli Halimah, Ajeng Diantini, Jutti Levita, Husaini Umar

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Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ramdhani M Natsir *Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.
Eli Halimah *Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-7812-8982
Ajeng Diantini *Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-2258-5137
Jutti Levita *Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-4578-4174
Husaini Umar *Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and insulin therapy is a critical issue in public health. Each insulin regimen used in T2DM patients can have different effects on lipid metabolism. However, clinical evidence comparing the effects of basal insulin and combined basal-prandial insulin on RC levels is limited. Purpose: To investigate and compare the association between basal and basal-prandial insulin regimens on RC and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM using a cross-sectional measurement. Methods: The study involved 118 eligible T2DM patients receiving either basal or combined basal-prandial insulin at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with RC levels. Results: The study reveals that the proportion of patients with normal RC level was significantly greater in the basal-prandial group than in the basal insulin group (49.2% and 30.5%, respectively, Conclusion: Compared to basal insulin therapy alone, the combination of basal-prandial insulin regimen was more beneficial in maintaining normal RC levels, although its effects were partially mediated by HDL-C, DM duration, and BMI. Therefore, clinical decisions aimed at improving RC levels in T2DM should consider overall metabolic factors, including HDL-C status, DM duration, and adiposity, rather than on insulin regimen type alone.

Indexed as

cholesterolglycosylated hemoglobinhyperglycemiainsulin regimenmetabolic disorderstype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41846902
PMCPMC12990815

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.