Evidence mapPaperPMID 41847180Full record

ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026

Bioengineered exosome-mRNA hybrids: a breakthrough in targeted miRNA delivery for diabetic kidney fibrosis therapy.

Jing Ke, Lei Cao, Shaochun Zhang, Jili Xing

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jing Ke *Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Ezhou, Ezhou, China.
Lei Cao *Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Ezhou, Ezhou, China.
Shaochun ZhangDepartment of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Ezhou, Ezhou, China.
Jili XingDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Ezhou, Ezhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by progressive podocyte injury, yet actionable upstream regulators and precise targeted delivery strategies remain limited. This study investigated the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in hyperglycemia-induced podocyte damage and developed a biomimetic targeted siRNA delivery system to silence PARP1. Methods: Transcriptomic profiling was performed in MPC5 podocytes exposed to high glucose. Functional validation was conducted using the PARP1 inhibitor PJ-34 and PARP1 gene silencing Results: PARP1 was significantly upregulated under high-glucose conditions and associated with activation of the TGFβ/Smads signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing of PARP1 attenuated pathway activation, restored autophagic flux, and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and profibrotic responses Discussion: These findings identify PARP1 as a key regulator of podocyte injury in DN via the TGFβ/Smads pathway and support the biomimetic receptor-relevant siRNA platform as a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy.

Indexed as

biomimetic red blood cell membranediabetic nephropathypodocyte targetingpoly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1small interfering RNA deliveryTGFβ/smads pathway

Identifiers

PMID41847180
PMCPMC12989603

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.