Evidence mapPaperPMID 41847589Full record

ReviewFrontiers in human neuroscience2026

Relearning the epistemology, history, and future of neuropsychiatry.

Juan Camilo Castro Martínez, Felipe Botero-Rodríguez, Jesús Ramírez-Bermúdez, Vaughan Bell, Gabriel Oviedo-Lugo, José Manuel Santacruz-Escudero, Ángela Iragorri, Joan Camprodon, Brian Lawlor, Hernando Santamaría-García

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Juan Camilo Castro MartínezDepartamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Felipe Botero-RodríguezCenter for Memory and Cognition, Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
Jesús Ramírez-BermúdezNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidad Autonoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Vaughan BellUniversity College of London, London, United Kingdom.
Gabriel Oviedo-LugoDepartamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
José Manuel Santacruz-EscuderoDepartamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Ángela IragorriDepartamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Joan CamprodonDivision of Neuropsychiatry & Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Brian LawlorTrinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Hernando Santamaría-GarcíaDepartamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuropsychiatry is a transdisciplinary field at the intersection of neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and humanities. Despite this strategic position, a comprehensive framework is still needed to bridge these domains. This review examines the historical evolution of how neurological, mental, and neuropsychiatric symptoms have been conceptualized, from antiquity to contemporary models, using the brain-body dilemma as a guiding thread. This historical analysis provides the epistemological and ontological foundations of neuropsychiatry, which are then connected with current definitions to critically assess the field's persistent tensions. Building on this foundation, a renewed paradigm is proposed where a crosstalk between them is enabled, grounded in deep phenotyping, dimensional research frameworks [e.g., Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)], and integrative models linking biological, psychometric, social data, and subjective experience. Special attention is given to a "subjectomic" layer that aims to systematically incorporate lived experience. Finally, reforms in education, clinical practice, and research are advocated to foster this conceptual reorientation, aiming at interdisciplinary collaboration and advancing patient care.

Indexed as

deep phenotypingdimensional psychiatrymind–body integrationneurophenomenologyneuropsychiatry

Identifiers

PMID41847589
PMCPMC12990134

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.