Evidence mapPaperPMID 41848823Full record

ReviewCurrent obesity reports2026

Fueling or Fighting Cancer? The Thermogenic Paradox of Brown Adipose Tissue.

Jonathan Jaime G Guerrero, Paolo C Encarnacion, Chih-Hao Wang, Mark Angelo S Del Rosario, Kin Israel Notarte, Jiayan Zhou, Yi-Ta Hsieh, Wan-Yu Wang, Ching-Wen Chang, Wan-Chun Li

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current obesity reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jonathan Jaime G GuerreroCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Paolo C EncarnacionCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Chih-Hao WangGenomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Mark Angelo S Del RosarioCollege of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Kin Israel NotarteDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-0886
Jiayan ZhouDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Yi-Ta HsiehDepartment of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan.
Wan-Yu WangDivision of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Ching-Wen ChangGraduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. changc11@tmu.edu.tw.
Wan-Chun LiInstitute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. wcli@nycu.edu.tw.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThe global rise in obesity and metabolic syndrome has intensified interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a regulator of energy metabolism and potential modulator of cancer risk. BAT-mediated thermogenesis and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) confer metabolic benefits that may reduce oncogenic susceptibility. However, emerging evidence reveals a paradoxical role for BAT in cancer progression, where tumor-induced thermogenic activation contributes to cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). This review article examines the cellular, molecular, and translational dimensions of this “thermogenic paradox”. RECENT

findingsA narrative synthesis was performed using literature from 2000 to 2025 retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed studies examining the molecular, genetic, and metabolic mechanisms linking BAT or adipose browning to carcinogenesis, obesity-related cancers, and CAC were included. Thematic integration emphasized regulatory pathways, endocrine signaling, and therapeutic implications. Adaptive browning, regulated by transcriptional drivers such as PRDM16, PPARγ, and PGC1-α, mitigates metabolic inflammation, enhances insulin sensitivity, and may exert tumor-suppressive effects. In contrast, tumor-secreted factors including parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and interleukin-6 aberrantly induce uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and β3-adrenergic signaling, driving lipolysis and energy wasting in CAC. The dualistic effects of BAT underscore its context-dependent influence on cancer biology. BAT exemplifies a metabolic continuum between protection and pathology. Clarifying its regulatory mechanisms may inform precision therapies and integrated metabolic-oncology interventions, particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries facing the double burden of obesity and cachexia.

Indexed as

Adipose Tissue, BrownCachexiaNeoplasmsObesityThermogenesisAdipose Tissue, WhiteAnimalsEnergy MetabolismHumansUncoupling Protein 1Uncoupling Protein 1Adipokine signalingAdipose browningCancer-associated cachexiaMetabolic reprogrammingThermogenesisUncoupling protein 1

Identifiers

PMID41848823
PMCPMC12999789

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.