Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41849134›Full record

ArticleHigh blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension2026

Exploring the Linear and Non-linear Association Between BMI and Night-Time Blood Pressure Variability.

Ionas Papasotiriou, Sotiria Spiliopoulou, Damianos Dragonas, Konstantinos Rizogiannis, Nefeli Tsoutsoura, Efstathios Manios

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ionas PapasotiriouSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece. iwn.papas@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-8703
Sotiria SpiliopoulouDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Damianos DragonasDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Konstantinos RizogiannisDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Nefeli TsoutsouraDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Efstathios ManiosDepartment of Clinical Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe relation between obesity and blood pressure (BP) is well known; however, its relationship with night-time BP and BP variability (BPV) has not been adequately examined.

aimTo examine the relationship between obesity and night-time BP/BPV.

methodsData from 6,767 adults (46.4% males), aged 56.0 ± 14.0, were collected during their visit to the Outpatient Hypertension Unit of a single institution and had valid ambulatory BP monitoring and anthropometric data. Body mass index (BMI) was estimated by weight and height measurements that took place at the office and categorized as normal weight [< 25 kg/m

resultsAfter adjusting for confounders, BMI was significantly related to night-time systolic (b = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.31-0.46) and diastolic BP (b = 0.10 95%CI: 0.05-0.015). Similarly, after adjusting for confounders, obesity was related to SD (b = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.02-0.49) and CV (b = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.03-0.42) of night-time systolic BPV, while a similar pattern was found for diastolic BPV (p < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline models showed a significant joint effect of splines after adjusting for confounders, for all BPV indices (p < 0.05), but a trend for non-linearity found only for systolic BPV indices (χ

conclusionsIn conclusion, the relationship between obesity and both nighttime BP and BPV provides new insights into the possible effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system.

Indexed as

Blood PressureBody Mass IndexCircadian RhythmHypertensionObesityAdultAgedBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLinear ModelsMaleMiddle AgedNonlinear DynamicsRisk FactorsBlood pressureBlood pressure variabilityBMINighttimeObesity

Identifiers

PMID41849134
PMCPMC13283146

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.