ArticlePloS one2026
Correlation between clinical disease activity and interferon-γ autoantibody titers measured by inhibitory ELISA, and inflammatory biomarkers in adult-onset immunodeficiency associated with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAnti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (Anti-IFN-γ AAbs) contribute to immunodeficiency and increase susceptibility to intracellular infections, particularly in adults. Measurement of anti-IFN-γ AAb titers using inhibitory ELISA is a valuable diagnostic tool for adult-onset immunodeficiency. However, the relationship between inhibitory ELISA titers, inflammatory biomarkers, and clinical disease activity remains unclear.
methodsThis retrospective study analyzed 69 blood samples from 39 patients with detectable anti-IFN-γ AAbs at Ramathibodi Hospital. Data collected included demographics, clinical disease activity, and laboratory biomarkers such as white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and inhibitory ELISA titers. Disease activity was categorized as active or in remission based on clinical evaluation and the status of infection.
resultsThe mean patient age was 58.38 ± 8.55 years, and 61.5% were female. Anti-IFN-γ AAb titers had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.893. A cut-off of 1:50,000 (50% inhibition) yielded 92.90% specificity in determining active disease status. Median titers were significantly higher in active disease (1:100,000, interquartile range [IQR]: 1:10,000-1:100,000) compared with remission (1:5,000, IQR: 1:5,000-1:10,000, p < 0.001). Combining anti-IFN-γ AAb titers (≥ 1:50,000) with ESR (≥ 45 mm/hr), CRP (≥ 18 mg/dL), WBC (≥ 10,455 cells/µL), and IL-6 (≥ 16 pg/mL) further improved the prediction of disease activity (AUC = 0.903, sensitivity = 88.9%, specificity = 91.7%).
conclusionsHigh anti-IFN-γ AAb titers correlate with active disease, and inhibitory ELISA may aid in disease monitoring. Combining IFN-γ AAbs titers with inflammatory biomarkers may improve predictive accuracy.
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