Evidence mapPaperPMID 41849457Full record

ArticleArquivos brasileiros de cardiologia2026

Impact of Obesity on Patients with Resistant and Refractory Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bárbara Victória Peixoto Lima da Costa, Fábio Bulhões, Cristiano Macedo, Alex Cleber Improta-Caria, Roque Aras Júnior

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Article in Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bárbara Victória Peixoto Lima da CostaFaculdade Medicina da Bahia - Universidade Federal da Bahia (FMB-UFBA), Salvador, BA - Brasil.ORCID 0009-0005-5551-1371
Fábio BulhõesFaculdade Medicina da Bahia - Universidade Federal da Bahia (FMB-UFBA), Salvador, BA - Brasil.ORCID 0000-0002-8552-0552
Cristiano MacedoFaculdade Medicina da Bahia - Universidade Federal da Bahia (FMB-UFBA), Salvador, BA - Brasil.
Alex Cleber Improta-CariaLaboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Exercício - Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil.ORCID 0000-0002-8779-1188
Roque Aras JúniorFaculdade Medicina da Bahia - Universidade Federal da Bahia (FMB-UFBA), Salvador, BA - Brasil.ORCID 0000-0002-2161-3696

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundObesity is a serious public health problem and is associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the development of resistant or refractory hypertension.

objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of obesity in the population of outpatients with refractory or resistant hypertension and its relationship between body mass index and hypertension severity.

methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in a referral outpatient clinic for severe arterial hypertension. Patients with resistant and refractory hypertension were included. Information related to demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, comorbidities, alcoholism, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle was collected. Continuous variables were compared using the Student's t-test or Mann Whitney, and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Pearson's correlation test was used for anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. A significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted.

resultsA total of 138 patients were collected, of whom 74.7% had resistant hypertension and 25.3% had refractory hypertension. There was a predominance of females and black ethnicities, representing 79.7% (p=0.307) and 91.3% (p=0.315), respectively. The mean age was 64.7± 10.8 (p=0.566). Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was present in 42% (p=0.379), being higher in refractory hypertension (51.4% vs. 38.8%). Higher body mass index values were directly associated with an increased number of antihypertensive medications required for blood pressure control (r = 0.45; p < 0.01). Additionally, 74.6% of the patients had dyslipidemia (p=0.400).

conclusionIn our population of patients with severe hypertension, obesity was prevalent and significantly influenced both the presentation and the control of blood pressure levels.

Indexed as

HypertensionObesityAgedAntihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureBody Mass IndexBrazilCross-Sectional StudiesDrug ResistanceFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexAntihypertensive Agents

Identifiers

PMID41849457
PMCPMC13128177

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.