ArticleEBioMedicine2026
Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 on recurrent COPD exacerbations.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- COVID-19 and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with pre-existing hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Review
- From viral injury to chronic instability: recurrent COPD exacerbations after COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection could increase the long-term risk of recurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. This study investigated the long-term risk of COPD exacerbations following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with comparisons by hospitalisation status.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from a large urban academic health system (March 2020-February 2025). The final cohort comprised of 2268 hospitalised and 1471 non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients with pre-existing COPD, each matched 1:1 by propensity score with non-COVID controls. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using Andersen-Gill models, and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) using negative binomial models. Cumulative hazards were derived from Nelson-Aalen curves. Secondary analyses evaluated socioeconomic factors and multiple sensitivity analyses assessed robustness.
findingsAmong hospitalised patients, the incidence rate of COPD exacerbations was 35.7 per 100 person-years in the COVID-19 cohort, compared to 15.9 in controls (aIRR 1.81 [95% CI, 1.45-2.26]). Among non-hospitalised patients, rates were 13.7 vs 10.6 (aIRR 1.23 [0.88-1.73]). Hospitalised patients had a higher overall hazard of recurrent COPD exacerbations (aHR 1.69 [1.36-2.10]; p < 0.001), with risk persisting over four years post-infection. No significant difference was observed among non-hospitalised patients. Unmet social needs increased the risk by 53% among hospitalised patients, while Medicaid or Medicare coverage more than doubled the risk among non-hospitalised patients relative to private insurance. Findings were consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses.
interpretationCOVID-19 hospitalisation was associated with a sustained increased risk of recurrent COPD exacerbations, underscoring the need for long-term pulmonary follow-up and targeted interventions in this high-risk population.
fundingNone.
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Registered trials
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