Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41849873›Full record

ArticleJACC. Advances2026

Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Leonie Dupuis, Meng Xu, Audrey White, Debra D Dixon, Jane F Ferguson, Xiao-Ou Shu, Danxia Yu, Loren Lipworth, Deepak K Gupta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JACC. Advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Leonie DupuisDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/leoniedupuismd.
Meng XuVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Audrey WhiteDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Debra D DixonVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Jane F FergusonVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Xiao-Ou ShuDivision of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Danxia YuVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Loren LipworthVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Deepak K GuptaVanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Electronic address: d.gupta@vumc.org.

Funding

Improving Diagnostic Accuracy for Acute Heart FailureR01HL153607 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI COLLINS, SEAN PATRICK, GUPTA, DEEPAK · 2021 to 2024
$5.9M
Management of Depressive Symptoms and Hypertension: A Socio-Culturally Informed ApproachK23HL168331 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Debra Denise Dixon · 2025 to 2026
$372k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL168331NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153607
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association of dietary sodium intake with incident heart failure (HF) among individuals at high-risk for HF is not established.

objectivesThe objective of the study was to assess the association between dietary sodium intake and incident HF risk.

methodsWe examined 25,306 Southern Community Cohort Study participants (median age 54 years, 63% female, 69% Black, 87% <$25k annual income) without prevalent HF and with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services coverage at enrollment (2002-2009). Dietary sodium intake at enrollment was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Incident HF was ascertained by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims through 2016. Cox modeling was performed with population-attributable fraction of dietary sodium on incident HF calculated.

resultsThe mean dietary sodium intake was 4,269 ± 2,502 mg/day. Over 9.8 years median follow-up, 7,039 (27.8%) individuals developed HF. Each 1,000 mg/day greater sodium intake associated with an 8% (95% CI: 4%-11%) higher risk of incident HF, independent of sociodemographics, diet quality, calories, physical activity, and hyperlipidemia. Further adjustment for hypertension, body mass index, sleep, or coronary artery disease yielded similar results. The dietary sodium association with incident HF was similar among individuals with diabetes (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15). Population-attributable fraction analysis indicated reducing sodium intake to a maximum of 4,000 mg/day could eliminate 6.6% (95% CI: 3.6%-9.6%) of incident HF over 10 years.

conclusionsAmong low-income Black and White adults in the southeast United States, greater dietary sodium intake associates with a higher risk of incident HF. Modest reduction in sodium consumption may significantly reduce the burden of HF in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

dietary sodiumheart failurenutritionprevention

Identifiers

PMID41849873
PMCPMC13015635

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.