Evidence mapPaperPMID 41850872Full record

ArticleVox sanguinis2026

Application and retrospective analysis of the indicator system for non-conforming blood products in Beijing.

Dong Zhang, Li Chen, Lingling Yang, Xiaoyan Gong, Zhuoyan Wang, Yunyi Gao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vox sanguinis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Dong ZhangDepartment of Blood Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.
Li ChenDepartment of Blood Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.
Lingling YangDepartment of Blood Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyan GongDepartment of Blood Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.
Zhuoyan WangDepartment of Blood Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.
Yunyi GaoDepartment of Blood Quality Control, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-088X

Funding

Beijing Red Cross Blood Center Institutional Research Project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesSystematic evaluations of blood discard patterns remain limited. We analysed decade-long discard trends at a representative blood establishment to identify quality improvement opportunities. MATERIALS AND

methodsDiscard data for blood products collected from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2024 were obtained from the Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, classifying discards as test-related or non-test-related. Pareto charts identified major drivers of discard, and

resultsThe overall discard rate averaged 3.050%, peaking at 4.398% in 2021 before declining to 2.410% in 2024 (Z = -6.111, p < 0.0001). Non-test-related discards increased significantly from 0.720% in 2015 to 2.636% in 2021 (mean: 1.118%/year; Z = 26.478, p < 0.0001), before recovering to below pre-pandemic levels by 2024. Test-related discards decreased significantly from 2.254% in 2015 to 1.663% in 2020 and continued to decrease through 2024 (mean: 1.921%/year; Z = -27.454, p < 0.0001). Major discard drivers included lipaemic blood retest (LBR) in plasma, crossmatch incompatibility (CI) in red blood cell (RBC) products and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) retest failure. Plasma bag leakage (BL), platelet visual inspection abnormality (VIA), expired units and Treponema pallidum antibody (TP-Ab) and hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) test-related discards, all showed significant downward trends (p < 0.001).

conclusionDivergent trends between test-related discards (declining from 2.254% to 1.663%) and non-test-related discards (increasing from 0.720% to 2.636%) indicate that although laboratory screening has improved substantially, greater attention is needed to optimize collection, processing and handling practices.

Indexed as

Blood BanksBlood DonorsBlood SafetyBeijingHumansRetrospective Studiesblood componentsdiscard ratenon‐conforming productsquality indicators

Identifiers

PMID41850872
PMCPMC13357007

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.