Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41852598›Full record

Article2d materials2026

Precursor-dependent optical and structural properties of eleven NIR-emissive graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications.

Diya Vashani, Himish Paul, Steven Nguyen, Ugur C Topkiran, Alina R Valimukhametova, Abby Dorsky, Olivia Sottile, Lal Durmaz, Roberto Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Anton V Naumov

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in 2d materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Diya VashaniDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0713-0967
Himish PaulDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0845-323X
Steven NguyenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2167-4719
Ugur C TopkiranDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5345-7782
Alina R ValimukhametovaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.
Abby DorskyDepartment of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.
Olivia SottileDepartment of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.
Lal DurmazMolecular, Cellular, and Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1749-9434
Roberto Gonzalez-RodriguezDepartment of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-1799
Anton V NaumovDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-7277

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as important bioimaging tools because of their biocompatibility and the ability of some to perform deep-penetration near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. The development of NIR-fluorescent GQDs from various precursors can enhance their use in multiplex imaging, multi-analyte sensing, and combination therapy delivery. Herein, we present the synthesis of an unprecedented set of 11 distinct GQD structures capable of NIR fluorescence, achieved through microwave-assisted bottom-up carbonization of 11 precursors: ascorbic acid, chitosan, citric acid-urea, dextran, glucose, glucosamine hydrochloride, hyaluronic acid, L-glutamic acid, polyethylene glycol, sodium cholate, or sodium citrate. All GQDs exhibit biocompatibility at up to 2.20 mg ml

Indexed as

bottom-up synthesiscarbonizationcellular imagingcharacterizationgraphene quantum dotsnear-infrared fluorescencespectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID41852598
PMCPMC12994528

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.