Evidence mapPaperPMID 41853146Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Intention to reduce dietary salt and its influencing factors in middle-aged and older hypertensive patients: a theory of planned behavior-based cross-sectional study.

Yaqi Wen, Xia Li, Ya Shi, Lei Luo, Du Zhang, Zumin Shi, Manoj Sharma, Yong Zhao

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Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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8 authors.

Yaqi Wen *School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xia Li *School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Ya ShiSchool of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Lei LuoSchool of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Du ZhangSchool of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Zumin ShiDepartment of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Manoj SharmaDepartment of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
Yong ZhaoSchool of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Excessive dietary salt intake is a key controllable risk factor for hypertension. Despite the clear clinical benefits of reducing salt intake, overcoming the "knowledge-action" gap among patients with hypertension poses a significant public health challenge. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a powerful framework for understanding the psychological factors that influence behavioral intentions. However, studies based on TPB that explore dietary intentions to reduce salt intake in middle-aged and older hypertension patients have not been well described nor well studied in previous literature. Objective: Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the theoretical framework and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as the methodological basis, we aimed to examine the status of salt reduction dietary intention and its influencing factors in middle-aged and older hypertensive patients. Methods: From March to November 2023, a total of 558 middle-aged and older hypertensive patients across 38 districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality, China, were interviewed using a face-to-face questionnaire with a Likert scale. SEM was used to explore the relationship between the salt reduction intention (INT) of middle-aged and older hypertensive patients aged 45 years and above and their attitude toward salt reduction (ATT), subjective norms of salt reduction (SN), and perceived behavioral control of salt reduction (PBC), as well as the bidirectional correlation between ATT, SN, and PBC. Results: Among the 558 participants, 55.2% were female, 61.3% were older, and 38.7% were middle-aged; 44.1% were the primary home cook, and 48% had a junior high school education or above. Overall 70.8% reported an intention to reduce salt in their diets. Attitudes toward a salt-reducing diet ( Conclusion: This study highlights the central influence of salt-reducing dietary attitudes and perceived behavioral control in salt-reducing dietary intentions among middle-aged and older hypertensive patients. Future nutritional health education should prioritize strategies to strengthen intention and perceived behavioral control.

Indexed as

HypertensionIntentionSodium Chloride, DietaryAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesTheory of Planned BehaviorSodium Chloride, Dietarydietary salt reduction intentionhypertensioninfluencing factorsmiddle-aged and older adultsstructural equation modelingtheory of planned behavior

Identifiers

PMID41853146
PMCPMC12992000

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.