Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41854085›Full record

ReviewJournal of Parkinson's disease2026

The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.

Sean J Miller, Johnny S Yue, Suleyman B Bozal, Robert Logan, Brian P Hafler

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sean J MillerDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1432-9547
Johnny S YueDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-8796-7816
Suleyman B BozalDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
Robert LoganDepartment of Biology and Biotechnology, Endicott College, Beverly, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3368-239X
Brian P HaflerDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.

Funding

Targeting the inflammatory response in age-related macular degenerationR01EY034234 · NEI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Brian P Hafler · 2022 to 2026
$2.0M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034234
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The central cholinergic system plays a crucial role in neural communication and physiological regulation, mediated by acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we explore the extensive distribution and impact of the central cholinergic system and its pivotal involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite PD being traditionally perceived as primarily a dopaminergic disorder, it exhibits significant cholinergic alterations, contributing to both motor and non-motor symptoms. These PD-specific alterations manifest as neuroanatomical changes, diminished acetylcholinesterase activity, and functional disturbances across various brain regions, impacting cognition, mood, sensory perception, sleep, and motor function. Comprehension of these cholinergic dysfunctions is paramount for the development of targeted therapies aimed at alleviating these PD symptoms. To provide further insight, we explore the therapeutic potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in PD, highlighting their role in preventing apoptosis, modulating neuroinflammation, and mitigating CNS damage. In summary, this review underscores the critical importance of cholinergic mechanisms in PD pathology and champions cholinergic-based interventions for enhanced patient outcomes and improved quality of life.

Indexed as

AcetylcholineBrainCholinergic AgentsParkinson DiseaseReceptors, NicotinicAnimalsHumansAcetylcholineCholinergic AgentsReceptors, Nicotinicacetylcholinecholinergicmovement disordernicotinic acetylcholine receptorParkinson's disease

Identifiers

PMID41854085
PMCPMC13347612

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.