Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41857197›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2026

Long-term risk of death after tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.

Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Viviane Sampaio Boaventura, Enny S Paixão, Mauro Sanchez, Clémence Leyrat, Otavio Ranzani, Mauricio L Barreto, Julia M Pescarini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The ghost of tuberculosis past.Nature medicine · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Thiago Cerqueira-SilvaFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. thiago.silva@lshtm.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-2509
Viviane Sampaio BoaventuraLaboratório de Medicina e Saúde Pública de Precisão, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-6844
Enny S PaixãoFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-908X
Mauro SanchezCentro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para a Saúde (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Clémence LeyratFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Otavio RanzaniDataHealth Lab, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-6862
Mauricio L BarretoCentro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimento para a Saúde (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Julia M PescariniFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

Royal Society NIF\R1\231435Wellcome Trust (Wellcome) 225925/Z/22/ZWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 305644/Z/23/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major societal burden, yet data on long-term mortality following TB diagnosis and treatment are limited. We conducted a nationwide Brazilian cohort study using linked data (2004-2018) to quantify long-term mortality (up to 14 years) following TB. We matched: (i) individuals diagnosed with TB or (ii) individuals who had completed TB treatment to TB-free individuals. We used competing risk methods to analyze natural causes (that is, defined as deaths excluding TB, HIV and external causes) and cause-specific mortality. In the diagnosed cohort (185,921 pairs), the risk of 14-year natural cause mortality was significantly higher (risk ratio (RR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.96-2.37); RRs were significantly elevated for deaths due to cancer, cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory and external causes. The treated cohort (111,871 pairs) presented elevated natural cause mortality risk (RR = 1.77,1.55-2.03), with similarly increased RRs across specific causes. We showed that TB survivors, even after treatment, faced a significantly elevated, prolonged risk of death from various causes up to 14 years later. This finding highlights the need for long-term monitoring to reduce the burden of TB.

Indexed as

TuberculosisAdolescentAdultAgedBrazilCause of DeathCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41857197
PMCPMC13190314

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.