Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41857445›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Outcomes of Patients with Neurocognitive Symptoms Attending a Long COVID Clinic: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Aaron Friedberg, Erin McConnell, Stacy Stanwick, Leanna Perez, Sarah MacEwan, Laura J Rush, Susan Bowman-Burpee, Rachel M Smith, Shivam Joshi, Kathleen Woschkolup and 3 more

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Aaron FriedbergDivision of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. aaron.friedberg@osumc.edu.
Erin McConnellDivision of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Stacy StanwickDivision of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Leanna PerezThe Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Sarah MacEwanDivision of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Laura J RushThe Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Susan Bowman-BurpeeDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Rachel M SmithCenter for Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Shivam JoshiCenter for Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Kathleen WoschkolupDepartment of Neurology, Bon Secours St. Francis Mercy Health, Greenville, SC, USA.
Jodi GrandominicoDivision of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Ann Scheck McAlearneyThe Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking in Health Services and Implementation Science Research (CATALYST), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Andrew SchamessDivision of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. andrew.schamess@osumc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1196-7085

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundData are lacking on longitudinal outcomes of patients treated in primary care-led long COVID (LC) clinics.

objectiveAssess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with LC and neurocognitive symptoms from enrollment in a LC clinic to 6 months post-enrollment.

designObservational cohort study.

settingPrimary care-led LC clinic at an academic medical center.

participantsOne hundred fifty patients with long COVID and neurocognitive symptoms who completed the PROMIS29 inventory at clinic enrollment and 6 months post-enrollment.

interventionsMultimodality care consisting of disease education and behavioral management, rehabilitative therapies, and pharmacotherapy for LC symptoms. MAIN MEASURES: Treatments received and change in PROMIS29 t-scores from enrollment to 6-month follow-up. KEY

resultsT-scores (mean, SE) at clinic entry were worse than the population mean (50) for fatigue (65.6, 1.05), sleep disturbance (57.3, 1.00), anxiety (60.0, 1.26), physical function (37.9, 0.87), social role participation (40.2, 0.84), pain (60.1, 1.24), and depression (57.3, 1.11). Patients received multimodality treatment consisting of disease education and behavioral management (all patients), combined rehabilitation and pharmacotherapy (44%), rehabilitation only (22%), or pharmacotherapy only (16%). There were statistically significant improvements in mean t-scores in all PROMIS29 domains at 6 months. Clinically significant improvement (change in t-score of ≥ 2.5) was seen for physical functioning (+ 2.9, 0.58), fatigue (- 4.9, 0.80), social functioning (+ 3.4, 0.68), and pain (- 2.8, 0.88). Change in t-score > 5 was seen in fatigue with symptom-titrated physical rehabilitation, in fatigue and pain with amantadine and memantine, and in sleep disturbance and pain with trazodone and amitriptyline.

conclusionMultimodal symptom-directed interventions incorporating rehabilitation alongside targeted pharmacotherapy were associated with significantly improved HRQoL in patients with LC and neurological symptoms.

Indexed as

clinical careinfection-associated chronic conditionslong COVIDPASCpatient outcomespost-acute sequelae of COVID19

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.