ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Outcomes of Patients with Neurocognitive Symptoms Attending a Long COVID Clinic: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundData are lacking on longitudinal outcomes of patients treated in primary care-led long COVID (LC) clinics.
objectiveAssess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with LC and neurocognitive symptoms from enrollment in a LC clinic to 6 months post-enrollment.
designObservational cohort study.
settingPrimary care-led LC clinic at an academic medical center.
participantsOne hundred fifty patients with long COVID and neurocognitive symptoms who completed the PROMIS29 inventory at clinic enrollment and 6 months post-enrollment.
interventionsMultimodality care consisting of disease education and behavioral management, rehabilitative therapies, and pharmacotherapy for LC symptoms. MAIN MEASURES: Treatments received and change in PROMIS29 t-scores from enrollment to 6-month follow-up. KEY
resultsT-scores (mean, SE) at clinic entry were worse than the population mean (50) for fatigue (65.6, 1.05), sleep disturbance (57.3, 1.00), anxiety (60.0, 1.26), physical function (37.9, 0.87), social role participation (40.2, 0.84), pain (60.1, 1.24), and depression (57.3, 1.11). Patients received multimodality treatment consisting of disease education and behavioral management (all patients), combined rehabilitation and pharmacotherapy (44%), rehabilitation only (22%), or pharmacotherapy only (16%). There were statistically significant improvements in mean t-scores in all PROMIS29 domains at 6 months. Clinically significant improvement (change in t-score of ≥ 2.5) was seen for physical functioning (+ 2.9, 0.58), fatigue (- 4.9, 0.80), social functioning (+ 3.4, 0.68), and pain (- 2.8, 0.88). Change in t-score > 5 was seen in fatigue with symptom-titrated physical rehabilitation, in fatigue and pain with amantadine and memantine, and in sleep disturbance and pain with trazodone and amitriptyline.
conclusionMultimodal symptom-directed interventions incorporating rehabilitation alongside targeted pharmacotherapy were associated with significantly improved HRQoL in patients with LC and neurological symptoms.
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