Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41857636›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2026

Feasibility of AI-driven multichannel FES-assisted gait and cycling training in chronic neurological disorders: a case series.

Nikola Babić, Bernardo Fernandes De Sousa, Jonathan Levy, Fleur Touzard, Sophie Blancho, Perrine Séguin, Amine Metani, Maël Descollonges

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nikola Babić *Kurage, Lyon, France.
Bernardo Fernandes De SousaInstitut Pour La Recherche Sur La Moelle Épinière (IRME), Station Debout, Paris, France.
Jonathan LevyInstitut Pour La Recherche Sur La Moelle Épinière (IRME), Station Debout, Paris, France.
Fleur TouzardInstitut Pour La Recherche Sur La Moelle Épinière (IRME), Station Debout, Paris, France.
Sophie BlanchoInstitut Pour La Recherche Sur La Moelle Épinière (IRME), Station Debout, Paris, France.
Perrine SéguinKurage, Lyon, France.
Amine MetaniKurage, Lyon, France.
Maël Descollonges *Kurage, Lyon, France. descollonges.mael@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGait impairments following chronic neurological conditions, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), represent a major challenge for rehabilitation, with limited options to sustain functional recovery and patient engagement. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has shown potential to enhance gait performance, but its integration into routine rehabilitation requires clinically feasible and acceptable solutions.

objectiveTo assess the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of integrating NeuroSkin®, a wearable AI-powered multichannel FES system, into walking rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic neurological gait impairments, and to explore its potential to improve functional outcomes.

methodsThis retrospective case series included four individuals (three males, one female; aged 54-78 years) with chronic neurological gait impairments of diverse etiologies (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, idiopathic transverse myelitis, incomplete spinal cord injury, and polyradiculoneuritis). Participants underwent 20 rehabilitation sessions over 6 weeks, which combined FES-assisted cycling and ambulation with the NeuroSkin device. The system integrates inertial measurement units and plantar pressure sensors to deliver phase-specific stimulation across multiple lower limb muscle groups. Feasibility was assessed through completion rates and adherence to the study protocol. Gait, balance, and spasticity outcomes were recorded before (PRE) and after the intervention (POST) with standardized assessments (10-Meter Walk Test, 2-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Stand Chair Test, Modified Ashworth Scale, SCATS, and Neuropathic Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire).

resultsAll participants completed the intervention, demonstrating good feasibility, tolerance, and adherence. Improvements were observed in walking speed and distance (10mWT and 2MWT), with concomitant improvement in lower limb strength and reductions in spasticity for three patients. These findings support the potential integration of AI-driven multichannel FES into long-term gait rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic neurological conditions.

conclusionsThe integration of the NeuroSkin AI-driven FES system into rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic neurological gait impairments was feasible, well accepted by patients, and safe. Furthermore, while improvements in gait performance were observed, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory and require confirmation in controlled studies.

Indexed as

BicyclingElectric Stimulation TherapyExercise TherapyGait Disorders, NeurologicNeurological RehabilitationAgedChronic DiseaseFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansIntelligent SystemsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesChronic impairmentsFeasibilityFunctional electrical stimulationGait rehabilitationNeuroSkin®Spinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID41857636
PMCPMC13123081

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.