Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41858565›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical & translational endocrinology2026

Changes in uric acid metabolism and associated plasma proteomics during sex hormone therapy.

Sarah A van Eeghen, Danii L S Suijk, Laura L Pyle, Phoom Narongkiatikhun, Ye Ji Choi, Natalie J Nokoff, Petter Bjornstad, Martin den Heijer, Daniël H van Raalte

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04482920 (The Effects of Hormone Therapy on Renal Hemodynamic Function in Transgender Youth), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04482920 completednot on this map

The Effects of Hormone Therapy on Renal Hemodynamic Function in Transgender Youth

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Colorado, DenverRan2021 to 2023Enrolled22ConditionsTransgenderism, Kidney Diseases, Kidney InjuryArmsp-aminohippurate clearance study, Iohexol infusion
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sarah A van EeghenCenter of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Danii L S SuijkAmsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Laura L PyleDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Phoom NarongkiatikhunDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ye Ji ChoiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Natalie J NokoffDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Petter BjornstadDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Martin den HeijerCenter of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Daniël H van RaalteDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Men generally have higher plasma uric acid (PUA) concentrations and are at greater risk for hyperuricemia-related diseases. Sex hormones may underlie this difference, though mechanisms remain unclear. Sex hormone therapy offers a unique opportunity to study these effects. Methods: Participants were included from two prospective observational cohorts: ENIGI (n = 544, 12 months of feminizing [n = 260] or masculinizing [n = 284] hormone therapy) and KNIGHT (n = 28, 3 months of feminizing [n = 15] or masculinizing [n = 13] hormone therapy). Outcomes included changes in PUA (ENIGI), uric acid clearance (UAC; KNIGHT), fractional excretion of uric acid (FE-UA; KNIGHT), fat distribution (ENIGI), and PUA-associated plasma proteomics (KNIGHT). Results: PUA decreased during feminizing hormone therapy (-86  μmol/L [95% CI, -95; -77]) and increased during masculinizing hormone therapy (+61  μmol/L [95% CI, 53; 70]). During feminizing therapy, UAC increased (+1.1  mL/min [95% CI, 0.1; 2.1]) without changing FE-UA. During masculinizing therapy UAC and FE-UA decreased (UAC: -1.0  mL/min [95% CI, -1.7; -0.3]; FE-UA: -0.8% [95% CI, -1.3; -0.4]). Android-to-gynoid and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratios decreased with feminizing and increased with masculinizing therapy (p < 0.05) and correlated positively with PUA changes (p < 0.001). Proteomics identified 126 PUA-associated proteins differentially expressed during sex hormone therapy. While proteins directly involved in uric acid production were unchanged, proteins related to fat distribution (adiponectin, leptin, SHBG) associated with PUA changes. Discussion: PUA significantly changes during sex hormone therapy, most likely through changes in UAC and fat distribution. These findings emphasize the role of sex hormones in uric acid metabolism and provide insight into sex differences in hyperuricemia-related conditions. Trial registration knight: Dutch Trial Register (ID: NL9517); ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04482920).

Indexed as

CKM syndromeProteomicsSex hormonesUric acid

Identifiers

PMID41858565
PMCPMC12995700

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.