Evidence mapPaperPMID 41859113Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Infection, vaccination and risk of dementia: a proposed immunological model.

Justin Devine, Bart Jacobs, Isabel Leroux-Roels, Geert Leroux-Roels, Robbert van der Most

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Justin DevineSynexa Life Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa.
Bart JacobsCenter for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Isabel Leroux-RoelsCenter for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Geert Leroux-RoelsCenter for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Robbert van der MostVaxxCellence, Antwerp, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With ageing populations, the prevalence of different types of dementias is increasing. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has been linked to the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system of patients. There are growing indications that risk of developing dementia correlates with several infectious agents, including human herpes viruses, flaviviruses and SARS-CoV-2. This has led to a proposition that AD and other dementias could be considered as having an infectious disease etiology. Whilst the mechanisms behind this remain unclear, intriguing epidemiological data suggest that several vaccinations are correlated with

Indexed as

DementiaModels, ImmunologicalVaccinationAnimalsBCG VaccineCOVID-19HumansImmunity, InnateRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Trained ImmunityBCG VaccineAS01 adjuvantBCG - Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccinedementianeuro-inflammationshingles (herpes zoster) vaccinetrained immunity

Identifiers

PMID41859113
PMCPMC12995756

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.