Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41860738›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

Mechanistic insights into nicardipine's anti-colitic action: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuation of oxidative stress, and protection of the mucosal barrier.

Ali M Al-Joda, Munaf H Zalzala

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Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ali M Al-JodaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10047, Iraq. ali.shaker2200p@copharm.uobaghdad.edu.iq.
Munaf H ZalzalaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 10047, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by excessive immune activation and oxidative stress. UC is characterized by elevated inflammatory cytokine levels. Nicardipine is primarily used for the management of hypertension and angina. Beyond its cardiovascular applications, nicardipine has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in various experimental disease models. This study investigates the therapeutic role of nicardipine in a murine model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.

methodFifty mice were divided into control, DSS-induced, and two treatment groups (12 and 24 mg/kg nicardipine). Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-1β in colon tissues. Protein expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2, and MPO were evaluated using western blot analysis. ELISA was utilized to examine serum levels of Claudin-1, 8-OHdG, and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, histological examination of colon tissues was conducted to assess morphological changes and inflammation.

resultsNicardipine treatment (12 and 24 mg/kg; the higher dose was more effective) ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice by reducing weight loss, DAI scores, and histological damage. It suppressed NF-κB mRNA expression and reduced the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2. Moreover, nicardipine decreased MPO and 8-OHdG levels, restored claudin-1 expression, and enhanced SOD activity.

conclusionNicardipine plays a protective role in DSS-induced colitis. This effect appears to be achieved by regulating mechanisms involved in inflammation and oxidative stress.

Indexed as

ColitisColitis, UlcerativeCytokinesNicardipineOxidative StressAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsColonCyclooxygenase 2Dextran SulfateDisease Models, AnimalInflammationInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6Intestinal MucosaMaleAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCyclooxygenase 2CytokinesDextran SulfateInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6NF-kappa BNicardipineTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCalcium Channel BlockersColitisDextran sulfate sodiumNicardipineNuclear Factor-kappa BOxidative Stress

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.