ReviewVirology journal2026
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of long COVID.
Review in Virology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a major global health burden in terms of acute infection and long-term consequences. Approximately 10% of infected experience autonomic dysfunction, cardiovascular complications, and neurological impairments. While immune dysregulation, persistent viral reservoirs, chronic inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and vascular dysfunction are implicated, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of Long COVID remain unclear. Additionally, treatment options are limited and challenging to prescribe due to symptom heterogeneity. Non-pharmacological interventions such as increased salt intake, elimination diets for gastrointestinal symptoms, and cognitive pacing for fatigue may not be sufficient for severe symptoms. Moreover, pharmacological interventions such as β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, pyridostigmine, antihistamines, and low-dose naltrexone can improve tachycardia, fatigue, and brain fog but there are no standardized guidelines. In light of evidence supporting a strong association of Long COVID with gut dysbiosis, probiotics have emerged as a promising intervention. Clinical studies have shown that Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium species can improve fatigue, gastrointestinal health, and overall physical and mental well-being in Long COVID patients. Large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate probiotic efficacy in Long COVID and reduce burden on individual health and healthcare institutions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.