ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Urinary GC-MS metabolomics reveals pregnancy-associated metabolic reprogramming and biomarkers in buffaloes.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTimely and accurate pregnancy detection in the dairy animals is essential for minimizing calving intervals to accelerate reproductive turnover and increase milk production from livestock farming. Urine, a non-invasive sample, is being investigated in many studies as it serves as a pool depicting the varied array of metabolites associated with intricate physiological changes. The study thus aimed to analyze GC-MS based urinary metabolites of pregnant (n = 13) and non-pregnant (n = 13) buffaloes using Bovine Metabolome Database.
resultsA total of 102 unique metabolites were annotated using acetonitrile, dichloromethane, hexane and methanol solvents for metabolite extraction. Forty metabolites including Ethanolamine, aminomalonic acid, myoinositol, cellobiose, phenylacetic acid and phenol showed a significant fold change in pregnant animals, samples. Organonitrogen compounds and organic carbonic acids and derivatives chemical classes were in higher abundance in pregnant buffaloes. Three metabolites viz. 3-hydroxybutyric acid, phenol and ethanolamine were identified as potential biomarkers with AUC values of 1. Supervised multivariate analysis by oPLSDA showed good separation of groups with R2Y and Q2 values of 0.958 and 0.861 respectively. Glycerophospholipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism associated metabolites were observed in enrichment analysis. Network analysis of significant metabolites further showed a dense network of pregnancy associated metabolic reprogramming of carbohydrate and energy releasing pathways, amino acid and nitrogen metabolism pathways and lipid metabolism and signaling pathways.
conclusionThe study provides insights into allied metabolic reshuffling as observed by non-invasive urinary metabolic profile of buffaloes during pregnancy and identified potential urine based biomarkers associated with pregnancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.