Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41863204›Full record

ArticleJACC. Advances2026

Valvular Heart Diseases in Swedish Males and Females: A National Cohort Study.

Per Wändell, Xinjun Li, Axel C Carlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JACC. Advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Per WändellDivision of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Xinjun LiCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Axel C CarlssonDivision of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: axel.carlsson@ki.se.
Jan SundquistCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; University Clinic Primary Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family and Community Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Kristina SundquistCenter for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; University Clinic Primary Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Family and Community Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSex differences in valvular heart diseases have been examined but rarely using a nationwide, comprehensive approach.

objectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the risk of different types of valvular heart diseases among males and females in Sweden.

methodsThis was a nationwide Swedish study of all individuals (N = 9,984,758; 4,969,472 males and 5,015,286 females). Valvular heart diseases were defined as at least 1 registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2018. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate HRs with 95% CIs of incident valvular heart diseases in males vs females. The Cox regression models were adjusted for age, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors.

resultsThere were 111,315 male cases and 107,527 female cases, corresponding to overall incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of 68.6 (95% CI: 67.5-69.8) among males and 51.3 (95% CI: 50.6-51.9) among females. The HRs (with 95% CI) for males compared to females were for rheumatic mitral valve disorders 0.50 (0.46-0.53), for rheumatic aortic valve disorders 1.08 (0.99-1.18), for rheumatic tricuspid valve disorders 0.61 (0.57-0.66), for nonrheumatic mitral valve disorders 1.08 (1.06-1.10), for nonrheumatic aortic valve disorders 1.25 (1.24-1.27), for nonrheumatic tricuspid valve disorders 0.72 (0.68-0.77), and for pulmonary valve disorders 0.82 (0.75-0.90).

conclusionsWe observed certain sex differences, with, in general, a higher incidence rate among males of valvular heart disease diagnoses, but a lower risk of specific valve disorders. The underlying factors for the sex differences are unclear and need further investigation.

Indexed as

immigrantsneighborhoodrheumatic valvular heart diseasesexsocioeconomic statusvalvular heart disease

Identifiers

PMID41863204
PMCPMC13019594

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.