Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41865004›Full record

ArticleVeterinary research2026

A low-endotoxic Salmonella vector with dual bacterial-host promoter expression of Lawsonia intracellularis antigens elicits protective immunity in a murine model.

Muhammad Bakhsh, Amal Senevirathne, John Hwa Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Muhammad BakhshCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
Amal SenevirathneCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
John Hwa LeeCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea. johnhlee@jbnu.ac.kr.

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) RS-2023-00272216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lawsonia intracellularis, the etiological agent for proliferative enteropathy, remains a major cause of productivity loss and economic burden in the global swine industry. Currently available vaccines provide suboptimal protection and raise safety concerns, highlighting the need for improved immunization strategies. In this study, we developed Salmonella Typhimurium-based vaccine candidates against L. intracellularis in a murine model, incorporating immunoprotective epitopes from the surface autotransporter protein LatA, the flagellar protein FliC, and the heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). These antigens were expressed using dual bacterial-host plasmids, pJHL270 and pJHL305, containing prokaryotic (Ptrc) and eukaryotic (CMV) promoters to ensure both extracellular and intracellular antigen presentation. The attenuated Salmonella delivery strain JOL3086 (Δlon ΔpagL) exhibited a high safety profile with markedly reduced endotoxicity. Western blot analysis confirmed antigen expression in both bacterial and mammalian systems in vitro. Immunization with the recombinant Salmonella strains elicited significant humoral (systemic IgG and mucosal IgA) and cell-mediated (CD4

Indexed as

Antigens, BacterialBacterial VaccinesDesulfovibrionaceae InfectionsLawsonia BacteriaSalmonella typhimuriumSwine DiseasesAnimalsFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CPromoter Regions, GeneticSwineAntigens, BacterialBacterial Vaccinesantigen deliverydual promoterimmunogenicityLawsonia intracellularisproliferative enteropathyprotectionSalmonella

Identifiers

PMID41865004
PMCPMC13126819

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.