Evidence mapPaperPMID 41865143Full record

ArticleClinical rheumatology2026

Global trends in age at onset of gout, 1990-2023: a sex-stratified and forecast analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Nimay Rastogi, Shreya Rastogi

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Nimay RastogiMaulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. nimay.rastogi@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-4529-9139
Shreya RastogiMBBS, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlobal gout burden is rising, yet temporal shifts in age at onset remain insufficiently characterized. Understanding secular changes in incident age distribution is essential for anticipating healthcare demands in aging populations.

methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 data to evaluate global incident gout trends from 1990 to 2023. Mean age at onset, proportion of young-onset cases (< 40 years), and sex-stratified patterns were analyzed using log-linear regression. Forecasting through 2040 was performed using time-series modeling.

resultsGlobal incident gout cases increased by 158.2% between 1990 and 2023. Mean age at onset rose from 58.4 to 61.9 years, corresponding to an annual percent increase of approximately 0.18%. The proportion of young-onset cases declined from 15.8% to 9.8%. Males consistently exhibited earlier onset than females, with a stable ~ 4-year sex gap across the study period. Age-specific redistribution demonstrated progressive concentration of incident cases among individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Forecast modeling projects continued elevation in mean onset age to approximately 63.4 years by 2040.

conclusionsThe global expansion of gout burden is accompanied by aging of incident cohorts rather than earlier disease manifestation. These findings highlight the growing impact of demographic aging on gout epidemiology and underscore the need for age-adapted prevention and management strategies. Key Points • Global incident gout cases more than doubled between 1990 and 2023, demonstrating sustained expansion of disease burden worldwide. • Mean age at onset increased steadily over three decades, indicating progressive aging of incident gout cohorts. • The proportion of young-onset gout (40 years) declined substantially, reflecting redistribution of incidence toward older populations. • Forecast modeling projects continued elevation in age at onset through 2040, highlighting the growing influence of demographic aging on gout epidemiology.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseGoutAdultAgedAge DistributionAge of OnsetFemaleForecastingGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedSex FactorsAge at onsetForecast modelingGlobal Burden of DiseaseGoutIncidenceSex differences

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.