Evidence mapPaperPMID 41865177Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2026

Continuous glucose monitoring and risks of acute and chronic diabetes-related complications and mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.

Ji Yoon Kim, Seohyun Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ji Yoon Kim *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6626-2124
Seohyun Kim *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-2825
Jae Hyeon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. jaehyeon@skku.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-963X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisWe investigated the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and acute and chronic diabetes-related complications and mortality risk in adults with type 1 diabetes.

methodsThis study included adults with type 1 diabetes who received intensive insulin therapy, based on data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Cohort (2016-2022). The primary outcomes were diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycaemia (SH), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Between-group analyses (comparing outcomes between CGM users and non-users) were conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression models, and within-group analyses (comparing outcomes before and after CGM initiation) were performed using paired t tests.

resultsA total of 17,018 individuals (8509 CGM users and 8509 non-users) were included. CGM users had lower rates of DKA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.40; 95% CI 0.33, 0.48), ESKD (aHR 0.43; 95% CI 0.32, 0.56), CVD (aHR 0.28; 95% CI 0.23, 0.33) and all-cause mortality (aHR 0.38; 95% CI 0.32, 0.46) than non-users. The aHR for SH was comparable between the two groups (aHR 0.92; 95% CI 0.77, 1.10 for users vs non-users). However, among CGM users, the mean frequency of SH decreased by 61.5% after CGM initiation (p<0.001). The frequencies of DKA and CVD-related hospitalisation or emergency department visits also decreased by 60.0% and 50.0%, respectively (p<0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationIn this nationwide cohort study of adults with type 1 diabetes, CGM users had lower rates of both acute and chronic diabetes-related complications and all-cause mortality compared with non-users.

Indexed as

Diabetes ComplicationsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdultBlood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesCohort StudiesContinuous Glucose MonitoringDiabetic KetoacidosisFemaleHumansHypoglycemiaInsulinKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsBlood GlucoseInsulinCardiovascular diseaseContinuous glucose monitoringDiabetes-related complicationsDiabetic ketoacidosisEnd-stage kidney diseaseMortalitySevere hypoglycaemiaType 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41865177
PMCPMC13236818

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.