Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41865233›Full record

ReviewCurrent microbiology2026

A Comprehensive Review of Endoparasite Infections in Marine Fish: Prevalence, Infection Factors, and Dominant Species.

Gilbert Ringgit, Leong Seng Lim, Hon Jung Liew, Attabik Mukhammad Amrillah, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gilbert RinggitBiotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.
Leong Seng LimHigher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE) Institut Marin Borneo, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.
Hon Jung LiewHigher Institution Center of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia.
Attabik Mukhammad AmrillahDepartment of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia.
Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad LalHigher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE) Institut Marin Borneo, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia. mdtamrin@ums.edu.my.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endoparasite infections with high prevalence rates cause significant economic losses and serious risks to human health including schistosomiasis. The prevalence of these infections in marine fish is influenced by the environmental and anthropogenic elements, dominant parasite species, and their biological adaptations. Recent studies identified Rhadinorhynchus and Anisakis were dominant endoparasite species due to their unique biological characteristics. Numerous reports have documented the prevalence of endoparasites in marine fish. However, a comprehensive review of recent findings, encompassing infection factors, dominant species, and parasite biology-remains lacking. To address research gap, we compiled relevant data on endoparasite infections in marine fish species published between 2019 and 2025. High infection rates of parasites, including Acanthocephalans, Cestodes, Myxosporeans, Nematodes, and Trematodes have been recorded. Among these, Acanthocephalans and Nematodes are the most frequently reported, with their prevalence influenced by factors of the host size, feeding behavior, metal pollution, habitat, migration patterns, ocean zones, seasons, and climatic conditions. This review provides valuable insights for monitoring endoparasite infections in marine fish. The accurate identification of species is fundamental to the design of effective countermeasures and the establishment of sustainable disease management strategies.

Indexed as

Fish DiseasesFishesParasitic Diseases, AnimalAcanthocephalaAnimalsNematodaPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID41865233
PMCPMC13005818

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.